大气压强电场放电在外来海洋生物应急防控处理装置中的应用实验研究  

Applied Research of the Strong Electric-field Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure in the Treating Equipment for Preventing and Controlling Non-indigenous Marine Organism Invasion Risk in Case of Emergency

作　　者：张小芳[1] 白敏冬[1,2] 张晓晔[1] 田一平[2] 俞哲[2] 张芝涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学轮机工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连海事大学物理系,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《高压电器》2017年第4期45-52,共8页High Voltage Apparatus

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305027);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61427804);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(LZ2015007);大连市高层次人才创新项目(2016RQ040)~~

摘　　要：为了防控船舶压舱水造成的外来海洋生物传播,国际海事组织(IMO)于2004年制定了《国际船舶压舱水和沉积物管理与控制公约》,要求所有船舶必须安装通过IMO认证的船舶压舱水处理设备。然而截止目前,已装船使用的压舱水处理设备存在处理效果无法达到IMO排放标准的情况。为有效降低由压舱水引起的外来海洋生物入侵风险,开展压舱水应急处理技术研究非常必要。该研究基于大气压下微流注与微辉光交替协同形成强电场放电,建立协同水力空化技术高效生成羟基自由基的方法。通过研制分区激励式大气压非平衡等离子体发生阵列,构建高浓度活性粒子制备单元,与水力空化单元、液液混溶单元和残余氧化剂去除单元等优化组合,构成羟基自由基外来海洋生物应急防控处理装置。运用该装置开展大连港海水现场示范实验。实验结果表明:当处理水量为30~40 t/h,浮游植物含量为2.6×10~4~3.77×10~4 cells/m L时,10μm及以上大小的浮游植物杀灭率为100%,处理效果均达到IMO排放标准,海水水质得到明显改善。羟基自由基外来海洋生物应急防控处理装置可为中国防控船舶压舱水外来海洋生物入侵提供有效的技术手段。To control non-indigenous species invasion via ship ballast water, the International Maritime Organiza tion（IMO）had adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship＇s BaUast Water and Sediments in 2004,stated that all ships are required to install ballast water treatment systems approved by IMO. However,the treating effects of ballast water treatment systems installed in ships do not always reach the IMO stan- dard till now. It is necessary to develop the emergency technology for ballast water treatment. In this study,the parti- tion simulated plasma generator based on the strong electric-field discharge formed by glow and streamer at atmo- spheric pressure were used to prepare high concentration of active particles,which could result in the efficient generation of hydroxyl radical in water collaborating with hydrodynamic cavitation technology. A treating equip- ment consisted of the high concentration of active particles preparing unit,hydrodynamic cavitation unit,liquid dissolving unit and residual oxidant removing unit ,was developed to prevent and control non-indigenous marine or- ganism invasion risk in case of emergency. The treating equipment was used to run the field experimentsof seawater in Dalian Port. The results show that when the water volume was 30~40 t/h and phytoplankton concentration was 2.6×10^4 cells/L-3.77×10^4 cells/mL,the killing rate for phytoplankton about the size of more than 10 microns was 100%. The water quality were improved significantly,and the treatment effect met the discharge standard of IMO. The treating equipment can provide effective technical means for preventing and controlling non-indigenous marine organism invasion in China.

关 键 词：船舶压舱水 强电场放电 羟基自由基 生物有效性 

分 类 号：U664.92[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]