上海市黄浦区孕产妇乙肝表面抗原携带率及新生儿免疫接种情况分析  

Analysis on the maternal HBsAg carrying rate and the neonatal immunization in Huangpu District of Shanghai

作　　者：陆瑾[1] 刘捷宸 姜铭波[1] 牟文[1] 周文瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区疾病预防控制中心,上海200023 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2017年第3期197-199,213,共4页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解上海市黄浦区孕产妇乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)的阳性率及新生儿免疫接种情况,为制定孕产妇人群的乙肝防治策略、降低新生儿乙肝病毒感染率提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对黄浦区内所有产科机构(7家)2013—2015年孕产妇的HBsAg检测和新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫接种情况进行回顾性调查,结果用SPSS20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果共调查孕产妇29 425人,HBsAg阳性率为3.95%,本市和外来孕产妇的HBsAg检测率(98.42%和96.76%)及HBsAg阳性率(2.58%和4.50%)差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿使用联合免疫(乙肝免疫球蛋白+乙肝疫苗)共1 130人,联合免疫率为98.52%。结论上海市黄浦区孕产妇的HBsAg阳性率低于全国及其他省市水平,说明上海市在乙肝疫苗接种和健康教育方面较有成效,但仍应加强对HBsAg阳性母亲的新生儿的主被动联合免疫措施。另外,随着新政策下孕产妇数量的增加,需建立更完善的孕产妇保健机制,做好各项产前检查工作,减少HBsAg未检测人数,避免因未及时实施免疫措施而导致新生儿乙肝感染。Objective To understand the maternal positive rate of HBsAg and the neonatal immunization in Huangpu District of Shanghai so as to provide bases for developing strategies of preventing hepatitis B and reducing the rate of neonatal hepatitis B virus infection. Methods By adopting cluster sampling research methods, retrospective surveys were conducted for the detection of HBsAg of the pregnant women from all the obstetric institutions（7 institutions ） in Huangpu District of Shanghai as well as for the neonatal hepatitis B vaccinations therein from 2013 to 2015, and statistical analyses were made for the results thereof by utilizing the SPSS 20.0 software. Results A total of 29 425 pregnant women were surveyed and the positive rate of HBsAg thereof was 3.95%. The detection rate of HBsAg（98.42% ＆ 96.76% ） as well as the positive rate of HBsAg （2.58% ＆ 4.50% ） for both the local and external pregnant women in Shanghai, respectively, showed statistical differences（P 〈 0.01）. The newborns of mothers with positive rates of HBsAg who used combined immunization （ HBIG ＋ hepatitis B vaccine ） amounted to 1 130, with the rate of combined immunization reaching 98.52%. Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg for the pregnant women in Huangpu District of Shanghai is below the level thereof for those in either the whole country or the other cities and provinces, which shows that Shanghai has made effective achievements in hepatitis B vaccination as well as in the health education relevant thereto. However, active and positive combined immunization measures should still be strengthened for the newbornsof mothers with positive rates of HBsAg. In addition, with the growth of pregnant women under newpolicies, better maternal health care mechanism should be established and various prenatal inspectionsshould be well implemented, thus reducing the rate of the people without taking the detection of HBsAg and preventing newborns from being infected by hepatitis B virus as a result of failing to take timely immun

关 键 词：产妇 乙肝表面抗原阳性率 联合免疫 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]