数控机床中的步进电机高精度控制模块设计  

Design of stepper motor high-precision control module in numerical control machine tool

作　　者：侯晓方[1] 陶宝峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西国防工业职业技术学院,陕西西安710300 [2]西北政法大学,陕西西安710063

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2017年第8期129-133,共5页Modern Electronics Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11526163)

摘　　要：传统的数控机床步进电机控制模块无法有效协调步进电机速度参数间的关系,导致其控制精度不高。为此,设计数控机床步进电机高精度控制模块。模块中的STM32F103微控制器根据综合线性速度控制函数,给出步进电机运行流程的控制指令。FPGA根据控制指令生成控制信号,传输给步进电机驱动器。步进电机驱动器根据控制信号中控制位置的排序,依次将控制电流导入步进电机,实现模块对被控对象的准确控制。光栅传感器对步进电机的运行流程进行采集,FPGA通过分析采集信息,给出步进电机的具体运行成果并传输给STM32F103微控制器,实现STM32F103微控制器对步进电机运行流程的实时监控和修正。实验结果表明,所设计的模块具有优良的响应效果、控制误差和控制成果,可实现高精度控制。The traditional stepper motor control module of the numerical control machine tool can＇t effectively coordinate the relationship among the speed parameters of the stepper motor, and has low control precision. Therefore, the stepper motor high-precision control module of the numerical control machine tool was designed. The STM32F103 in the module gives the control instruction of the stepper motor＇s running process according to the synthetical linear speed control function. The FPGA gener- ates the control signal according to the control instrument, and transmits it to the stepper motor driver. The stepper motor driver imports the control current into the stepper motor according to the sorting of control positions in the control signal. The accurate control of the controlled object is implemented with the module. The grating sensor acquires the running process of the stepper motor. The FPGA gives out the specific running result of the stepper motor by analysis of the collected information, and trans- mits it to STM32F103. The real-time monitoring and correction of the running process of the stepper motor are realized with STM32F103. The experimental results show that the designed module has good response effect, control error and control result, and can realize the high-precision control.

关 键 词：数控机床 步进电机 STM32F103 控制模块 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TH39[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]