燃料电池车用离心压缩机窄带啸叫噪声实验测试与分析  

Measurement and analysis for whoosh noise of a centrifugal compressor in a fuel cell vehicle

作　　者：韦开君[1] 左曙光[1] 吴旭东[1] 万玉[1] 许思传[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学新能源汽车工程中心,上海201804

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2017年第7期14-20,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家重大科研仪器设备专项(2012YQ150256);国家自然科学基金资助(51375343);国家科技支撑计划(2015BAG06B01)

摘　　要：以某燃料电池车用离心压缩机为研究对象,测试并分析其在不同工况下的气动性能及气动噪声。试验结果表明:当离心压缩机工作在高效率的额定工况区时,进口处气动噪声最小,总声压级峰值出现在轻度喘振线附近;额定工况和阻塞工况的主要噪声源为旋转基频噪声;轻度喘振工况的主要噪声源为窄带啸叫噪声,其频率约为转频的3.9倍;深度喘振工况时550~2 000 Hz的宽频噪声明显上升;叶片通过频率噪声与流量无明显关系,且对总体噪声贡献量不大。应用商业软件CFX对轻度喘振工况下离心压缩机窄带啸叫噪声的产生机理进行分析。仿真结果表明:当离心压缩机流量低于额定流量时,进口冲角增大,导致主叶片、分流叶片前缘及扩压器内靠近轮罩面出现严重的二次流,叶片前缘和扩压器的同时失速是造成轻度喘振工况下窄带啸叫噪声的主要原因。The performance and acoustic characteristics of a centrifugal compressor in a fuel cell vehicle were measured under different operating conditions. The test results showed that the lowest overall sound pressure level of the compressor inlet occurs in the rated condition area, while the highest level occurs near the mild surge line ; the main noise source is the rotational fundamental frequency noise under the rated condition and the blocking condition; the main noise source under the mild surge condition is the narrow - band whoosh noise, its frequency is about 3.5 times of the rotating frequency ; the broadband noise in a range of 550 - 2 000 Hz increases obviously under the deep surge condition ; the blade passing frequency noise has no obvious relation to the flow rate and little influence on the overall sound pressure level. The commercial software CFX was used to further analyze the generation mechanism of the narrow-band whoosh noise under the mild surge condition. The CFD simulation results showed that when the flow rate of the compressor is lower than the rated one, the increase in the inlet incident angle inlet causes severe secondary flows at the main blade, the blade front edge and diffuser near the wheel cover; the simultaneous stall of the blade front edge and diffuser is the main cause of the narrow-band whoosh noise under the mild surge condition.

关 键 词：燃料电池车 离心压缩机 噪声试验 啸叫 轻度喘振 CFD仿真 

分 类 号：TH452[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]