2015年全国大学生田径锦标赛甲B组男子跳高技术生物力学研究  

Biomechanical study on technique of men's high jump in the B group of the National College Students' Track and Field Championship in 2015

作　　者：梁铁怀[1] 姚辉洲[1] 李锋 薛伟佳[1] 韦东远[1] 阳亚[3] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学体育学院,广西桂林541004 [2]岭南师范学院,广东湛江524037 [3]广西河池学院,广西宜州546300

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2017年第2期86-91,共6页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：广西师范大学博士科研启动基金(20130019)

摘　　要：采用两台索尼摄像机对第15届全国大学生田径锦标赛男子甲B组跳高决赛6名运动员助跑最后两步和起跳阶段的技术动作进行拍摄,用视讯解析系统对拍摄视频进行解析以获得相关参数。研究表明:运动员身材较高、体重偏重和竞技水平一般;运动员成绩中H1所占比例较小,H_2所占的比例稍大,H_3所占比例小;运动员所采用的"助跑最后阶段降低身体重心的方式"涵盖三种方式,以第一种方式(起跳前2~3步降低身体重心,助跑最后一步平稳前移)居多;运动员起跳脚着地瞬间水平速度较小,起跳脚蹬伸离地瞬间水平速度较大,水平速度在起跳过程中的变化较小,起跳离地瞬间垂直速度较小,腾起角较小,机械能变化较大;运动员最后两步助跑、起跳过程中身体前后倾和内外倾表现出一定的趋势。Two Sony cameras were used to shot the last two steps and take-of! stage technical action of 6 athletes inthe 15th National College Students＇Track and Field Championship andthenvideoa-nalysis system was adopted to obtainthe relevant parameters. The study shows thatthe athletes have moderate competitive ability with higherbody length and body weight. The proportion of H1 in high jump achievements is small ,the proportion of H2 is slightly larger, and the proportion of H3 is smaller; there are three ways to lowerthe body centre-of-gravity inrun-upfinal stageand the ma-jority took the first way （i. e., to lower body centre-of-gravity before 2-3 jump steps with the last step stable forward＂ ） ; Athletes jump foot instantaneous horizontal velocity is smaller, the take-off moment horizontal velocityislarge,smallchangesinlevel speedintheprocessofjumping, thetake - off verticalvelocityis small, flightangleis small, the mechanicalenergychangesgreatly; thelasttwo steps in run-up , the body front and back tilt, introversion and extroversion tilt showed a certain trend.

关 键 词：跳高 助跑 起跳 生物力学 大学生田径錦标赛 男子 

分 类 号：G823.1[文化科学—体育训练]