中国海洋环境管理体制:变迁、困境及其改革  

China's Marine Environmental Management System:Change,Dilemma and Reform

作　　者：王刚[1] 宋锴业 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法政学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期22-31,共10页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"我国海洋环境管理运行机制构建研究"(12BZZ052);2016度年青岛市社会科学规划研究项目"青岛市沿海大型项目环境风险防控机制研究";国家海洋信息中心项目"基于陆海统筹的蓝色海湾整治管理创新研究"

摘　　要：近年来,中国海洋环境问题在类型、规模、性质等方面发生了深刻变化,近海海域环境污染也日益严峻。究其根源,海洋环境管理体制陷入了瓶颈性障碍。通过回溯我国海洋环境管理体制变迁的历史与现状,总结出我国海洋环境管理体制是一种"条块结合、以块为主、分散管理"的属地管理体制,归纳了其存在着"职能管理体制"、"行政区划行政"与海洋环境一体化间冲突与张力的问题症结。针对这一症结,在"渐进增量"的改革原则下,提出纵向与横向两个备选方案,前者侧重于纵向权力关系束的重塑,对整体管理体制进行调整;后者侧重于在现有管理体制下,加强横向政府间关系的边际调整,主张分散而渐次的转变到"垂直管理、区域管理、综合管理"的体制中。In recent years, marine environmental problems in China have changed profoundly in the type, size, and nature, and offshore marine environmental pollution has become more and more severe. The origin of these problems is that the marine environmental management system has trapped into the ob-stacle. By looking back on the history and present situation of China＇s marine environmental management system changes, we summarized that Chinas marine environmental management system is a kind of territo-rial system with ＂integration of departments and regions？ region-based, and decentralized management＂. And we found that the crux of these problems is due to the conflict and strain between the function man-agement system？ administrative region management and the integration of marine environment. Aiming at this problem, under the gradual and incremental reform principles, this paper put forward vertical and hor-izontal alternatives. The former emphasizes on reshaping the vertical power relationship; the latter focuses on marginal adjustment in the existing management system. We advocated gradually shift to a system of vertical management, regional management, and comprehensive management＂.

关 键 词：海洋环境管理体制 属地管理 垂直管理 区域海洋环境 

分 类 号：F302[经济管理—产业经济]