火炸药粉尘与工业粉尘爆炸特性试验对比研究  

Comparative Study on Explosion Characteristic of Explosive Dust and Industrial Dust

作　　者：荆术祥 陈仁康[3] 石天璐 叶亚明 孙彬峰[4] 曹卫国[4] 

机构地区：[1]兵器工业安全技术研究所,北京100053 [2]中国五洲工程设计集团有限公司,北京100053 [3]苏州市公安局,苏州215000 [4]中北大学化工与环境学院,太原030051

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2017年第9期325-330,共6页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51472119)资助

摘　　要：为了系统地认识火炸药粉尘和工业粉尘爆炸特性的区别,选用TNT和RDX两种火炸药粉尘以及玉米淀粉和煤粉两种工业粉尘作为研究对象,分别采用最小点火能量测试装置和20L球粉尘爆炸装置对上述四种粉尘的点火能量、爆炸压力、爆炸指数、爆炸下限浓度进行了系统研究。结果表明:四种粉尘的最小点火能量均随着浓度的增大呈现出先增大后减小的现象,与玉米淀粉和煤粉这两种工业粉尘相比,TNT和RDX这两种火炸药粉尘的最小点火能量更小,对电火花刺激更敏感,更容易点火;TNT和RDX爆炸压力和爆炸指数均随着粉尘浓度的增大而不断增大,而玉米淀粉和煤粉的爆炸压力和爆炸指数随着粉尘浓度的增大先增大后减小,TNT和RDX这两种炸药粉尘的爆炸压力和爆炸指数更高,爆炸破坏程度也更大;这四种粉尘的爆炸下限浓度为RDX>玉米淀粉>煤粉>TNT,未表现出相应的变化规律。To systematically understand the differences of explosion characteristics between the concomitant with explosive dust and the industrial dust. The TNT/RDX and the industrial dust of coal/corn starch were chosen as the research object. Investigations on the ignition temperature,explosion pressure,explosion index and lower explosive limit concentration were performed in the minimum ignition energy test device and 20 L dust explosive device. The rules of TNT/RDX/coal/corn starch dust minimum ignition energy parameters present an increasing and then decreasing trend with the rise of dust concentration. Compared with the two kinds of industrial dust,the minimum ignition energy of TNT/RDX are smaller,more sensitive to electric spark and easier to ignite. With the increase of dust concentration,the explosion pressure and explosion index of TNT/RDX all increase,however the Corn starch/coal increased and then decreased. At the same time, TNT/RDX performed higher explosion pressure and explosion index and worse damage. While the lower explosive limit concentration of four kinds of dust appears following phenomenon： RDX〉 pulverized coal〉 corn starch〉 TNT,does not show a corresponding change rule.

关 键 词：火炸药粉尘 工业粉尘 点火能量 爆炸下限浓度 爆炸压力 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]