522例新诊断的尘肺病病例肺功能损伤情况及其影响因素  

Pulmonary function injury and its influencing factors in 522 newly diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis

作　　者：罗爱武[1] 彭波[2] 白香连 刘琅環 陈科良[1] 黄波[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,湖南衡阳421000 [2]衡阳市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,湖南衡阳421000 [3]南华大学附属南华医院功能科,湖南衡阳421000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第3期310-312,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81272994);湖南省自然科学基金课题(2016 JJ 2115);湖南省卫计委科研计划(2015-17)

摘　　要：目的了解新诊断尘肺病例的肺功能损伤情况,并分析其影响因素,以便更好地预防尘肺病的发生和促患者的康复。方法通过查阅尘肺病报告卡和诊断病历资料等纸质资料整理获取2011—2015年衡阳市522例新诊断的尘肺病患者资料,对患者肺功能损伤情况及其影响因素进行统计分析。结果矽肺患者肺结核合并率较煤工尘肺高,差异有统计学意义,两种类型尘肺病患者的肺功能损伤情况未表现出明显差异。新诊断的尘肺病患者患病期别、发病年龄、接尘工龄、同病分值与患者用力肺活量(FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、FEV_1/FVC、最大每分钟通气量(MVV)、一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)等指标存在明显负相关,与残气量/肺总量(RV/TLC)存在明显正相关(P<O.O5)。新诊断尘肺病的患者缺少户外有氧运动、吸烟等对肺功能损伤均有一定的影响;饮酒对患者肺功能损伤的影响差异无统计学意义。结论新诊断的尘肺病患者肺功能损伤受多种因素的影响,应该加强对粉尘作业工人的健康教育,提高防尘意识;同时应加强作业工人的职业健康监护,实现疾病的早发现,早诊断,早治疗。[Objective] To understand the pulmonary function injury and related influencing factors of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases,effectively prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis and promote the recovery of the patients. [Methods]The data of 522 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in Hengyang City from 2011-2015 were obtained from pneumoconiosis report cards and diagnostic records,and their pulmonary function injury and related influencing factors were analyzed. [Results] The combined rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in silicosis patients was significantly higher than that in patients with coal-worker＇s pneumoconiosis,while difference in pulmonary function injury level was not statistically significant between them. The stage,age of onset,working years and comorbidity score in newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients were negatively correlated with FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MVV,DLCO,while positively correlated with RV/TLC（P〈0.05）. Lack of aerobic exercise and smoking has a bad influence on pulmonary function of patients,and the significant effect of drinking on pulmonary function injury was not observed.[Conclusion]The pulmonary function injury is influenced by many factors in newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients. It is necessary to strengthen the health education of workers to enhance their prevention awareness,and improve the occupational health monitoring to realize the diagnosis and treatment in early.

关 键 词：尘肺病 肺功能 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]