双阴离子型表面活性剂的合成与驱油效果  

Synthesis and Effect of Double-anion Surfactant for Oil Displacement

作　　者：乔孟占[1] 赵娜[1] 赵英杰[1] 吴炜[1] 张晓龙[1] 李晓岚[1] 董彦龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油冀东油田公司瑞丰化工公司,河北唐山063200

出　　处：《油田化学》2017年第1期113-118,142,共7页Oilfield Chemistry

摘　　要：为提高冀东油田化学驱驱油效果,以烷基胺、丙烯酸乙酯和氯乙酸钠或3-溴丙基磺酸钠为原料合成了含有一个疏水链两个亲水基的双阴离子型表面活性剂。采用红外光谱、热重分析及pH值缓冲区测试等方法对合成产物的结构进行了表征,研究了双阴离子型表面活性剂对冀东油田原油/水界面张力的影响与驱油效果。结果表明,合成物中SS-1和SS-3含有双羧酸基团,SS-2和SS-4含有一羧基一磺酸基官能团。4种表面活性剂均可降低原油与水的界面张力,在无碱条件下原油与水的界面张力可达到10^(-2)~10^(-3)mN/m数量级;在弱碱(1.0%Na_2CO_3)条件下SS-1降低原油界面张力效果最好,可达10^(-4)~10^(-3)mN/m数量级。弱碱条件有利于提高表面活性剂的驱油效果,表面活性剂SS-1在弱碱条件下获得了在水驱基础上提高采收率13%~15%的良好效果,可用于冀东油田浅层油藏三次采油。In order to improve the oil displacement efficiency of chemical flooding in Jidong oilfield, new double anionic surfactants containing a hydrophobic chain and two hydrophilic groups were synthesized with alkyl amine, ethyl acrylate, sodium chloroacetate or sodium 3-bromopropylsulfonate. The structures of the synthesized products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, pH buffer test, and so on. The effect of double anionic surfactant on the interracial tension between Jidong crude oil and water, and on oil displacement efficiency were studied. The results showed that synthetic surfactants SS-1 and SS-3 contained dicarboxylic acid groups, while SS-2 and SS-4 contained a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid functional group. Four surfactants could all reduce the interfacial tension between crude oil and water. The interracial tension reduced to 10^-2-10^-3 mN/m magnitude in the absence of alkali, and that decreased to 10^-4-10^-3 mN/m by SS-1 under weak alkali condition （ 1% Na2CO3）. Weak alkali condition was favorable to improve the oil displacement efficiency of surfactant. The recovery ratio of SS-1 could increase to 13%-15% after water flooding under weak alkali condition. SS-1 could be used as the flooding surfactant for the tertiary oil recoverv of shallow oil reservoir in Jidong oilfield.

关 键 词：双阴离子表面活性剂 三次采油 界面张力 采收率 冀东油田 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程] TE357.46[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]