基于拓扑优化的高速精密数控车床床鞍设计  

DESIGN OF BED SADDLE OF HIGH-SPEED PRECISION CNC LATHE BASED ON TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION

作　　者：段明德[1,2] 李言[1] 顾佳佳[2] 张壮雅[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院,西安710048 [2]河南科技大学机电工程学院,洛阳471003

出　　处：《机械强度》2017年第2期316-320,共5页Journal of Mechanical Strength

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX04005-021;2011ZX04002-132)资助~~

摘　　要：为满足现代数控机床的高精度、高效率、高速度要求,提高机床基础部件的静、动态性能及轻量化设计,基于有限元拓扑优化方法,以ADGM高速精密数控机床关键部件床鞍为对象,对其结构进行了优化设计。首先基于变密度法建立以床鞍质量为目标函数,静刚度和固有频率为约束的拓扑优化数学模型,然后依据拓扑优化结果获得床鞍最佳结构布局;最后在床鞍最佳布局基础上,按照真实设计需求形成工程设计方案,并完成床鞍的整体设计。结果表明,与原有设计方案相比,新设计方案在床鞍质量减少13%的情况下,最大位移降低幅度超过6%,床鞍一阶固有频率提高8%,床鞍二阶固有频率提高7%,床鞍三阶固有频率提高6.7%。验证了上述方法的有效性,为机床基础部件设计提供了理论依据。In order to meet the condition of high precision, efficiency and speed of modern NC machine tools and to improve the static, dynamic performance as well as lightweight design of their basic components, the design of bed saddle which is the key components of ADGM numerical control machine tool was optimized based on topology optimization method. Firstly, according to variable density method, which makes bed saddle quality be objective function and allows stiffness as well as natural frequency to be constraint condition was established, then the best structure layout of bed saddle was acquired as a result of topology optimization. Finally, the integral design of the bed saddle was accomplished, with the basis of best structure layout of bed saddle and the requirements of the reasonable design. Compared with the original design, new design reduces 13% of bed saddle＇ s weight, and the maximal displacement decreases 6%. Also, the first order natural frequency increases 8% , while the second order natural frequency increases 7% , and the third order natural frequency increases 6.7%. The optimization result shows that the proposed method for bed saddle is feasible, thus providing the theoretical basis for the lathe＇ s basic components optimization design.

关 键 词：床鞍 结构设计 固有频率 拓扑优化 

分 类 号：TH113[机械工程—机械设计及理论]