城乡劳动力市场中党员身份的作用及其变化趋势——基于中国家庭收入调查数据的实证研究  

The Roles and Trends of the Chinese Communist Party Membership in China's Urban and Rural Labor Market:An Empirical Research Based on the Chinese Household Income Project

作　　者：严善平[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本同志社大学全球问题研究院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2017年第1期105-128,共24页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：日本学术振兴会资助项目(项目编号:23252008;15K03482)的部分研究成果

摘　　要：本文利用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,从城乡两个方面实证分析了劳动力市场中党员身份的作用及其变化趋势。结果发现:第一,党员身份对农村居民选择非农就业的促进效益较强,也较为稳定,但它对非农收入的增收效应呈弱化趋势;相比之下,教育对农村居民选择非农就业以及非农收入的影响均呈弱化趋势。第二,党员身份、教育对城镇居民在国有单位正规就业均有显著的正面影响,党员在国有单位就业的概率比非党员高,但学历越高的党员未必越倾向于在国有单位工作;党员身份、教育对能否担任单位负责人的影响非常显著,并且随时间推移而强化;教育回报率随时间推移不断上升,而党员身份的增收效应呈弱化趋势。第三,党员身份的贬值主要发生在普通党员群体,对干部党员来说,其附加值随市场化的推进而迅速上升。第四,在农村劳动力市场中,党员身份和教育的正面效应趋向弱化,而在城镇劳动力市场中,它们的正面效应趋向强化。从绝对水平来看,城乡之间呈现收敛趋势。This paper empirically analyzes the roles of the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） membership and their trends in China＇s labor market, using CHIP data from 1988 to 2002. The main findings are as follows. First, the effect of CCP membership on promoting the rural residents to choose non-farm employment is not only strong, but also stable, while it has a weakening trend for non-farm earning. In contrast, the effect of education on choice of non-farm employment and non-farm income is weakening. Second, being CCP membership and education have significant positive effects for urban residents to work in the state-owned units as formal employees, and the probability of employment in these units is higher for the CCP members than others, but it does not mean that CCP members with higher education are more likely to work in the state-owned units; being CCP membership and education have significant effects on becoming a unit＇s leader, and the effects strengthen with time. The rate of return to education continues to rise, while the earning premium of CCP membership shows a reduction tendency. Third, the devaluation of CCP membership mainly occurs in the non-CCP-members, but for those with a cadre status, the premium increases rapidly with marketization. Fourth, in the rural labor market, the positive effects of being CCP membership and education on employment choice, promotion and earning tend to weaken, while in the urban labor market, these positive effects tend to strengthen. From the absolute level, the rural and urban labor market show a tendency to converge.

关 键 词：党员身份 教育 就业 晋升 收入 

分 类 号：D263[政治法律—政治学] F249.2[政治法律—中共党史]