种植至储藏期花生黄曲霉毒素B_1污染研究  

Aspergillus flavus Infection and Aflatoxin B_1 Contamination in Peanut Kernels From Sowing to Storage

作　　者：刘肖[1] 邢福国[1] 王利敏[1] 吕聪[1] 赵月菊[1] 王龑[1] 刘阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第5期899-905,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203037);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB127802);科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2013FY113400)

摘　　要：为解析种植至储藏期花生受黄曲霉侵染及黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB_1)污染的规律,揭示花生AFB_1污染的源头及主要影响因素,选取种植湛红2号和湛油75的花生田,采集种植期花生果和土壤及储藏1~4个月的花生果,分析花生和土壤真菌菌相,并采用高效液相色谱法测定花生AFB_1含量。结果表明,种植期黄曲霉侵染花生果主要发生在成熟期,但黄曲霉污染率均在8%以下;湛油75花生田土壤黄曲霉菌落数显著低于湛红2号,但花生果黄曲霉污染率显著高于湛红2号,表明湛红2号具有一定的黄曲霉抗性;湛油75和湛红2号分别在110 d和120 d检测到AFB_1,含量分别为3.37μg·kg^(-1)和2.08μg·kg^(-1),表明花生黄曲霉毒素含量与污染率呈正相关。储藏期花生果中未检测到黄曲霉和AFB_1,这主要是由于花生晾晒后水活度(aw)降低至0.70以下,不适合黄曲霉生长繁殖和毒素生物合成。综上,黄曲霉在荚果成熟期开始侵染花生果导致产生AFB_1,而储藏期保持较低的aw可有效预防黄曲霉及AFB_1污染。本研究结果为制定种植至储藏期花生黄曲霉毒素全程防控措施提供了理论依据。To investigate the Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin B1（AFB1） contamination from sowing to storage and reveal the key period and the main influencing factors of AFB1 contamination in peanut kernels, we chose the peanut fields planting two different varieties （Zhanhong2 and Zhanyou75） in this study. The unshelled peanuts were collected not only in the planting stage but also in the storage period of one to four months. During the growing season, soil samples were also gathered. The occurrence of fungi and A. flavus in soil and peanut kernels was monitored and the concentration of AFB1 in peanuts was also detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. During planting period, A. flavus infection mainly occurred at the mature stage of peanuts with the contamination rate 〈 8%. The number of A. flavus in Zhanyou75 field soil was significantly lower than that of Zhanhong2, while the contamination rate of A. flavus in peanuts was higher. The result indicated that Zhanhong2 peanut could be better resistant against the infection of A. flavus. Not until 110 d in Zhanyou75 kernels and 120 d in Zhanhong2 kernels respectively during the planting stage, could AFB1 be separately detected at the concentration of 3.37 μg·kg^-1 and 2.08 μg·kg^-1. The outcome suggested the significantly positive correlation between the concentration of AFB1 in peanuts and the contamination rate of A. flavus. However, A. flavus and AFB1 could not be detected in peanut kernels during the storage. It might be due to the low water activity （aw 〈 0.70） of peanut kernels after drying, which was not suitable for A. flavus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Above all, these results demonstrated that peanut kernels were easily infected by A. flavus in soil during planting period, and this resulted in the production of AFB1. It was crucial of importance to remain low aw for the prevention and control of AFB1contamination during storage. This study provides theoretical foundation for taking scientific control measures of AFB1c

关 键 词：花生 黄曲霉 黄曲霉毒素B1 侵染 水分活度 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]