政策驱动欧洲磷回收与再利用  

Phosphorus Recovery and Reuse Driven by Policies in Europe

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 宋鑫[1] Mark van Loosdrecht 江瀚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室中-荷未来污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2017年第8期35-42,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278025);北京市科研基地建设项目--"节能减排协同创新中心"(2016)

摘　　要：从污水及动物粪尿中回收磷是20世纪的欧洲概念,传入中国业已十年之久。磷回收技术时至今日已经成熟,并无太大工程应用难度。然而,在我国沸沸扬扬10多年后,磷回收并没有真正步入市场轨道,一直停留在学术研究层面。究其原因,国家层面认识以及宏观政策缺乏成为阻碍我国磷回收产业化的主要瓶颈。有鉴于此,介绍欧洲国家有关磷回收计划实施的政策、法律、法规、指南等软性环境概况,从欧盟指南到各国政策,再到行动计划,全方位介绍欧洲国家有关磷回收与再利用的政策、法律等文件形成和发展过程,特别提及荷兰、瑞士、英国、法国、德国以及北欧诸国的具体行动计划,以期成为我国制定磷回收政策和法律的参考蓝本。Recovering phosphorus from wastewater and animal manure came from Europe concept in the last century, and has been introduced into China for more than a decade. Technology of phosphorus recovery has become matured today, and it is not very difficult for application in engineering. However, phosphorus recovery has not been applied in reality in China after animated discussion for more than a decade. It is only an academic subject without practical significance in China. The reason is considered as the lack of national awareness and the lack of macropolicies, which has become the main bottleneck hindering the industrialization of phosphorus recovery in China. Due to this reason, the state-of-the-art software environments about the policies, laws, regulations, guidelines of phosphorus recovery in Europe were introduced in this article. Over all, the article introduces the proposed and developed processes of phosphorus recovery/reuse and policies/laws in Europe from EU guidelines, members＇ policies to action plans. Especially the action plans of the Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France, Germany and the Nordic countries were strongly mentioned. The article can be used as a reference of China for developing its state policies and legislations on phosphorus recovery.

关 键 词：磷回收 污水/动物粪尿 政策/法律 欧盟指南 行动计划 信息平台 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]