未来污水处理能源自给新途径——碳源捕获及碳源改向  

Carbon Capture and Carbon Redirection: New Way to Optimize the Energy Self-sufficient of Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：刘智晓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京首创股份有限公司,北京100028 [2]首创爱华<天津>市政环境工程有限公司,天津300060

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2017年第8期43-52,共10页China Water & Wastewater

摘　　要：传统活性污泥处理过程是"以能消能"、"污染物转嫁",处理过程能耗高(消耗化石燃料)并排放大量温室气体(GHG);与此同时,污水中COD蕴含的巨大有机化学能(约1.5~1.9k W·h/m^3)远远未被挖掘及利用,未来污水处理的发展方向是朝着营养物、能源及再生水"三厂合一"模式转变。污水处理过程实现"能量平衡"、"碳中和"的运行关键一是厌氧消化剩余污泥;二是在前端最大程度上实现对进水中有机碳源的捕获/分离,并采用高效厌氧消化与热电联产(CHP)耦合技术实现COD有机化学能向电能的转化,这些年已出现碳源捕获(COD Capture)与碳源改向(Carbon Redirection)技术,国外已经有工程化案例。在量化解析污水中化学潜能的基础上,提出了"碳源捕获"1.0→2.0→3.0技术路线图,综述了目前主要的污水"碳源捕获"热点技术,展示了面向未来的可持续污水处理技术路线图,以期为国内污水厂"碳中和"运行及未来可持续污水厂及生态再生水厂开发提供借鉴。Activated sludge processes are wastewater. The essential mechanism of traditional commonly used for efficient treatment of municipal activated sludge processes is respective transform of pollutants and energy. However, the issue of these processes is the high energy consumption （fossil fuel） and emission of much greenhouse gases （GHG）. And the potential organic chemical energy （ about 1.5 - 1.9 kW· h/m^3 ） contained in wastewater has not been explored and utilized. So the wastewater cannot be simply considered as ＇waste＇ , but a valuable resource full of energy, valuable materials and clean water. The direction of future wastewater treatment plant is to put the nutrients, energy and reuse water in one plant, e.g. ＇three plants in one＇ mode. The wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） would be changed from energy consuming to energy neutral or even energy producing. The first key point of wastewater treatment process is sludge anaerobic digestion ; the second is the capture/separation of influ- ent organic carbon to the maximum extent, and adoption of coupling technology of high efficient sludge anaerobic digestion and cogeneration of heat and power （ CHP）, which can realize the conversion of COD organic chemical energy to electrical energy. Recently COD capture and carbon redirection technology has emerged around the world. And the projects with COD capture and carbon redirection have been built abroad. Based on the quantify analysis of chemical potential energy, various technology pathways from 1.0 to 3.0 through 2.0 were summarized. Then, the current ＇ carbon capture＇ technology was put forward. Based on this, the future sustainable wastewater treatment technology route map has been displayed. We are expecting to provide references for the domestic wastewater treatment plant ＇ carbon neutral＇ operation, for the development of future sustainable WWTP and ecological recycling water plant.

关 键 词：碳源捕获 碳源改向 高负荷活性污泥法 能量中和污水处理厂 主流自养脱氮工艺 低温厌氧氨氧化 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]