英属中部和东部非洲殖民地的城镇劳动力政策  

The Urban Labor Policy of British Central and Eastern Africa

作　　者：李鹏涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学非洲研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2017年第2期31-45,共15页World History

基　　金：浙江师范大学非洲研究院2016年赴非调研课题<英属东非殖民地的城镇化进程研究>(项目编号:FF201601)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自19世纪末确立对中部和东部非洲殖民地的殖民统治之后,英国殖民者试图在殖民地城镇中维持移民劳动制度。按照英国殖民者关于非洲社会的想象,部落是非洲社会基本构成单位,非洲人无法适应现代工业经济和城镇生活,而城镇中的非洲人只不过是暂时逗留的"去部落化"人口。20世纪30年代起,随着非洲殖民地经济的发展和非洲工人罢工运动的蓬勃发展,殖民当局被迫接受非洲人在城镇和现代工业经济中的存在,转而实行城镇劳动力稳定化政策。这一政策的变化表明,英国殖民统治很难有效控制非洲社会变革进程,反映出殖民霸权的脆弱性,这构成非殖民化的重要社会背景。Since the establishment of the British colonial rule in Central and Eastern Africa,British colonial administrators regarded tribe as a basic unit of the African society.According to their imagination,African people could not be accustomed to modern economic and urban life,and Africans living in urban areas were regarded as the'detribalized'people.However,with the development of colonial economy and the upheaval of strikes since the 1930s,the colonial authorities were forced to recognize the existence of African urban groups and took the policy of labor stabilization.The transformation of labor policies from'detribalization'to labor stabilization reflected a shift in British colonizers'perceptions of the African society and the decline of the colonial power,which formed the background in the decolonization movements in the 1950s and the 1960s.

关 键 词：英国 非洲殖民地 非洲城市史 移民劳动制度 稳定化政策 

分 类 号：F249.1[经济管理—劳动经济] K4[经济管理—国民经济]