长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的月动态  

Monthly changes in the benthic macro-invertebrate community structure in the habitats of Phragmites australis marsh in the Dongtan wetland of the Yangtze River estuary,China

作　　者：张衡[1,2,3] 叶锦玉 梁晓莉[3] 朱小静[3] 靳少非[4] 陈渊戈[1] 张佳蕊 戴阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋学院,上海201306 [3]长江口湿地生态系统野外监测研究站/上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室/华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241 [4]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室,长春130102 [5]上海市泽泉科技股份有限公司,上海200062

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第4期1360-1369,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金项目(15ZR1450000);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2015M07);河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLEC-KF201403);国家自然科学基金项目(31170508)资助~~

摘　　要：2015年5月至2016年4月对长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构进行监测,分析了该生境下底栖动物群落物种组成和多样性的月变化.结果表明:芦苇株高和盖度均在3—8月逐渐增大,9月后逐渐降低;芦苇密度和地上生物量(干质量)均在7月达到最大值.调查期间,共发现大型无脊椎底栖动物20种(包括2种鉴定到属,2种鉴定到科).其中,腹足纲种类最多,有11种(包括1种鉴定到属);软甲纲有5种;昆虫纲和多毛纲均只有2种.以緋拟沼螺、堇拟沼螺和尖锥似蟹守螺等为主要优势种.从生活型来看,底上附着型种类数最多(11种),其次为穴居型(5种)和底内型(4种).大型底栖动物密度和生物量存在明显的季节或月变化,夏季(8月)出现全年最高值.Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)和Shannon指数(H)月份间差异显著,Pielou均匀度指数(J)月份间差异不显著(除11月).大型底栖动物群落在42%相似性水平上划分为3个群聚.从非度量多维标序(nMDS)排序图可知,5月、10—11月与其他月份差异较大.水温、芦苇地下生物量和盐度等环境因子对于底栖动物密度变化具有一定影响,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05).受人类活动的持续影响,长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境底栖动物群落物种多样性有所下降,芦苇生境价值急需重视.Based on the data of the benthic macro-invertebrates community in the Phragmites australis marsh in the Dongtan Wetland of the Yangtze River estuary collected from May 2015 to April 2016, we evaluated the monthly variations in the species composition, biodiversity and community structure of the benthic macro-invertebrates. The results showed that the average height and degree of coverage for P. australis increased monthly from March to August, and then deceased from September. The density and aboveground biomass （dry mass, g） of P. australis peaked in July. A total of twenty species （ including 2 species only identified to genus level and 2 species identified to family level） were found in the survey periods, including 11 Gastropoda, 5 Malacostraca, 2 Insecta and 2 Polychaeta. Three snail species （Assiminea latericea, Assiminea violacea and Cerithideopsis largil- lierti） dominated the benthic communities in terms of numerical abundance. The number of epifauna species was the most （11 species） , followed by 5 burrowing species and 4 infauna species. There were significant monthly variations in the density and biomass of the macro-invertebrates. The densi- ty and biomass of benthic community reached the maximum in August. The Margalef＇ s species richness index （D） and Shannon index （H） showed significant differences monthly, but Pielou＇ s index （J） except in November. Three macro-zoobenthic assemblages were identified with the 42% similarity level. The non-Metric Multidimensional scaling plot indicates that the benthic community in May, October and November was distinct compared to that in the other months. The present study suggested the density of the benthic macro-invertebrates community in the P. australis marshes was somewhat correlated with water temperature, underground biomass and salinity. But those correlation were not significant （P〉0.05）. Because of the continuous impact of anthropogenic activities, the biodiversity of the benthic macro-invertebrate community has be

关 键 词：长江口 芦苇 底栖动物 优势种 生境价值 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]