播种量对高寒牧区林纳燕麦生产性能及光合特性的影响  

Effect of seeding rate on production performance and photosynthetic characteristics of Avena sativa cv.LENA in alpine pastoral regions

作　　者：肖雪君[1] 周青平[2] 陈有军[2] 杜忠[2] 柏晓玲[1] 田莉华[2] 彭先琴 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,四川成都610041 [2]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川成都610041 [3]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第4期761-771,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：基金项目:"科技援青"高寒典型沙化综合治理技术集成与示范(2015SZ0062);川西北藏区沙化土地生态修复技术研究及示范(2015BAC05B01)

摘　　要：播种量是保障牧草高产质优的一个重要方面,合理的播种量除取决于牧草品种自身的生物学特性外,还受到外界条件的影响。为探明适合川西北高寒牧区自然气候条件下林纳燕麦(Avena sativa cv.LENA)的最适播种量,本研究设置了120(A)、165(B)、210(C)、255(D)、300(E)和345kg·hm^(-2)(F)共6个播种量,分析播种量对林纳燕麦生产性能及光合特性的影响。结果表明,随播种量的增加,林纳燕麦物候期表现出了提前的趋势,在出苗期不明显,但在其它生育期较明显;播种量对燕麦的株高无显著影响(P>0.05),但在大多数的取样期,林纳燕麦的株高随着播种量增加表现为减小的趋势;随着播种量增加,茎粗呈下降趋势,尤其在生育期后期呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05);播种量对茎叶比无显著影响(P>0.05),但随着生育期进程,茎叶比呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05);在高播种量(E、F)下,鲜草产量和干草产量均表现为增大趋势,产草效果最佳;在开花期,低播种量(A、B、C)的气孔较活跃,而高播种量(E、F)胞间CO2浓度较低。在该研究区域,在行距30cm,播种量300或345kg·hm^(-2)下,林纳燕麦的生产性能及光合特性最理想,产草效果最佳。本研究结果可为川西北高寒牧区林纳燕麦的高产栽培及推广应用提供理论支持。Seeding rate is an important factor to guarantee high yield and quality of forage grass.Besides the biological characteristics of the forage grass,the reasonable seeding rate may also be affected by external conditions.In order to determine the optimum seeding rate in northwest alpine pastoral regions of Sichuan,Avena sativa cv.LENA was chosen as the material to explore the effects of six seeding rates（A：120kg·ha^-1,B：165kg·ha^-1,C：210kg·ha^-1,D：255kg·ha^-1,E：300kg·ha^-1,and F：345kg·ha^-1）on production performance and photosynthetic characteristics.Phenophase of A.sativa cv.LENA decreased with increasing seeding rates,and at the seedling stage,there was no significant difference,but at other stages,the differences were obvious.For plant height,there were no significant differences among the six seeding rates.The thickness of stems decreased significantly with the increasing seeding rates,and the tendency was more obvious at the latter stages.The stem-to-leaf ratio showed no significant differences between different seeding rates（P〉0.05）,but the ratio decreased significantly with the growth stages（P〈0.05）.The fresh and dry hay yield increased significantly with the growth stages,and the largest dry hay yield was at E and F seeding rates.At the flowering stage,the stoma was more active at the A,B,and C seeding rates,and the intercellular CO2 concentration was lower at E and F seedling rate.Under the conditions of 30 cm row spacing and 300kg·ha^-1 or 345kg·ha^-1 seeding rate,A.sativa cv.LENA production performance and photosynthetic characteristics were ideal.These results provide theoretical support for A.sativacv.LENA cultivation practices in northwest alpine pastoral regions of Sichuan to attain higher yields.

关 键 词：川西北牧区 燕麦 播种量 生产性能 光合特性 草产量 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]