我国育成的葡萄新品种系谱分析  

Pedigree analysis of grape cultivars released in China

作　　者：孟聚星 姜建福[1] 张国海[2] 孙海生[1] 樊秀彩[1] 张颖[1] 吴久赟[3] 刘崇怀[1] MENG Juxing JIANG Jianfu ZHANG Guohai SUN Haisheng FAN Xiucai ZHANG Ying WU Jiuyun LIU Chonghuai(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China Department of Forestry, Henan University of Science ＆ Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China Turpan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan 838000, Xinjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471000 [3]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第4期393-409,共17页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30-yz-1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ZFRI)

摘　　要：【目的】总结1959—2015年间我国育成的葡萄新品种,分析其亲本的类型和来源,揭示亲本选配的规律与特点,为今后我国葡萄新品种的选育工作提供理论依据。【方法】利用我国育成的316个葡萄新品种的系谱资料,研究其祖先亲本和直接亲本组成,计算它们的遗传贡献值。【结果】1959—2015年间我国共育成葡萄新品种316个,其中7个品种遗传背景不详,因此仅对剩余309个亲本来源清楚的品种进行统计分析。309个葡萄新品种来源于118个祖先亲本和164个直接亲本。‘玫瑰香’和‘巨峰’作为直接亲本使用频数最多,共选育出90个育成品种,遗传贡献率为17.8%。所有的祖先亲本中,‘小白玫瑰’和‘黑普特罗’衍生出的品种数量最多,共衍生了473个品种,遗传贡献率共为13.4%。【结论】我国最主要的葡萄骨干亲本为‘玫瑰香’和‘巨峰’,同时发现,抗病、大粒、具有玫瑰香味等是我国葡萄育种产业主要的研究方向。[Objective] In order to provide a theoretical foundation for future selection of parents and breeding of new grape varieties in China, the survey of grape varieties bred in China from 1959 to 2015 were overviewed and summarized, their parents＇ origination and combination rule were analyzed based on the pedigree data. [ Methods ] Information enquiry and websites were used to trace the parents of released cultivars until the original parents. The genetic contribution of ancestral parents for each released cultivar was calculated based on the deduced original parents. The calculation method for genetic contribution by original parents was based on the method used by Gai Junyi et al., with slight modifications. The genetic contribution value of all the cuhivars of parents bred through natural selection was 1 and that of the cultivars of parents bred through conventional cross was 0.5. The calculation methods of genetic contribution value for all the parent varieties bred through the sport selection and induced mutation were the same as the parent varieties bred by natural selection. The parents of every parent were deduced till to the ultimate original parents according to the equal segmentation methods. [Results ] From 1959 to 2015, there were 316 grape cultivars released in China. Among them, the parental records of 7 eultivars are unclear; hence, statistical analysis was only carried out in the remaining 309 cultivars that have clear parental sources. These 309 eultivars were classified based on their uses and breeding routes. Grape cultivars can be classi fled into hybrid breeding, bud breeding, seed breeding and mutation breeding, which are 207, 64, 34, and 4 cultivars, respectively. Grape cultivars can be divided into table cultivars, wine production cultivars, rootstock cultivars, and processed cultivars based on their uses, which occupy 74.5%, 19.4%, 3.2%, and 2.9% of grape cultivars, respectively. In China, grape new cultivars mainly consist of table grapes, and oth- er cuhivars showed small increases

关 键 词：葡萄 育成品种 系谱分析 骨干亲本 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]