硫对猕猴桃叶绿体结构及果实品质的影响  

Effects of sulfur treatment on chloroplast ultrastructure and fruit quality in kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa)

作　　者：尹显慧[1] 王梅[1] 龙友华[1] 田雪莲[1] 朱流红 黎晓茜[1] 徐朝云 王英[1] YIN Xianhui WANG Mei LONG Youhua TIAN Xuelian ZHU Liuhong LI Xiaoqian XU Chaoyun WANG Ying(Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China Guizhou Nongdaqiansheng Ecological Agriculture Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550200, Guizhou, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学作物保护研究所,贵阳550025 [2]贵州农大黔盛生态农业有限公司,贵阳550200

出　　处：《果树学报》2017年第4期454-463,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：贵州省科技厅农业攻关项目[黔科合NY字(2009)3022];国家自然科学基金(31460481)

摘　　要：【目的】为猕猴桃种植中合理施用硫肥提供科学的参考依据。【方法】将土壤、有机肥和硫磺粉混匀后装盆,移栽1 a生猕猴桃嫁接苗,定期观察不同硫处理盆栽猕猴桃植株的生长情况;另外冬季在‘米良一号’猕猴桃老果园中采用不同浓度硫磺粉和有机肥混合作基肥进行环状沟施,翌年9月研究施硫处理对猕猴桃叶片叶绿体结构及果实品质的影响。【结果】施用适量的硫磺对翌年猕猴桃植株的生长有促进作用,当硫质量浓度大于2.5 kg·m^(-3)时,猕猴桃植株新梢生长较短,叶片较小,对猕猴桃植株的生长有抑制作用。施硫2 a后土壤性质发现了明显变化,质量浓度为1.0~2.0 kg·m^(-3)硫处理后,土壤pH符合猕猴桃适宜生长的范围,而1.5 kg·m^(-3)硫处理后,土壤的有机质、全氮和有效磷含量明显高于其他处理组。与对照不施硫相比,田间1.0 kg·m^(-3)硫处理的猕猴桃叶片中叶绿体呈规则的梭形,环绕在细胞内表面,基粒、基质片层清晰,基粒类囊体垛叠多且排列致密整齐,叶绿体内富含小颗粒的淀粉粒,且叶片细胞大小均一,排列整齐紧密;同时低、中质量浓度的硫处理明显改善了猕猴桃果实品质,其中以2.0 kg·m^(-3)硫处理效果最好,其单果质量、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别比对照提高了11.19%、8.94%、32.65%、5.45%、9.16%、11.76%和26.92%;随着施硫量的增加,果实中全硫的含量也不断增加,但所有处理均在作物全硫含量安全范围内。【结论】施硫质量浓度为1.0~2.0 kg·m^(-3)时能改善土壤养分,稳定维持猕猴桃叶片细胞和叶绿体结构,明显改善果实品质。[Objective]Sulfur （S）, as a structural constituent of amino acids, iron-sulfursulfur clusters, pro- teins, membrane sulpholipids, glutathione, glucosinolates and coenzymes, is essential for plant growth and development. Low-S soils, continuous cropping and use of high-yielding varieties may have increased sul- fur starvation in crops. Absence or low sulfur concentration in the soil severely retards growth. And the re- search on soil sulfur and sulfur effect is receiving more and more attention. However, combinatorial exami- nation of sulfur application on kiwifruit （Actinidia deliciosa） production has rarely been reported. The de- velopment of chloroplasts is an important factor in crop yield and quaXity formation. And the changes of the uhrastructure of chloroplasts can be used to evaluate plant tolerance to fertilizer. Therefore, in this paper, chloroplast structure and fruit quality in kiwi under sulfur treatments at different concentrations （0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg·m^-3） was observed in order to provide scientific reference for reasonable application of sulfur in kiwifruit production. [ Methods ] The pot experiment was conducted to regularly observe the new growth after transplanting the 1-year-old grafted ＇Miliang No.1＇ seedlings in pots filled with soil, organic fertilizer and sulfur powder. The field experiment was conducted in the winter of 2014 to study the effects of sulfur fertilizer on the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells, kiwifruit exterior （single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, pleurocaulis and fruit shape index） and interior quality （firmness, soluble solid content, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, titratable acid content, sugar content/titratable acidity and soluble protein content）, and the content of total sulfur in kiwifruit collected in the following September after the annul furrow application of base fertilizers of sulfur at above mentioned doses and 10 kg organic fertilizer per plant. [Results]The growth of new s

关 键 词：猕猴桃 硫 叶绿体结构 品质 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]