毒死蜱在梨果实不同部位的残留及消解动态  

Residue and dissipation of chlorpyrifos in different tissues of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. fruits

作　　者：张莹[1] 师校欣[1] 杜国强[1] 张玉星[1,2] ZHANG Ying SHI Xiaoxin DU Guoqiang ZHANG Yuxing(College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, Hebei Province, China Pear Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, Hebei Province, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北农业大学河北省梨工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《农药学学报》2017年第2期231-237,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系(CARS-29-13);河北省林业厅果树科技支撑项目

摘　　要：为探明毒死蜱在梨果实不同部位的残留及消解规律,以20 a生鸭梨(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.cv.Yali)为试材,于果实生长期在套袋后向整株喷施48%毒死蜱乳油500倍液(有效成分960 mg/L),分析毒死蜱向果实中的运输及分配规律;于果实成熟期在采收前向果面喷施48%毒死蜱乳油1 000倍液(有效成分480 mg/L),分析采后毒死蜱在梨果实不同组织中的分布特征。采用乙腈萃取和GC-NPD检测方法,测定不同处理试材中的毒死蜱含量。结果表明,在果实套袋情况下,整株喷施毒死蜱后72 h内果实不同部位(果心除外)毒死蜱含量均呈现先逐渐上升而后下降趋势,其中果柄、果皮和果梗洼中毒死蜱最高含量值及其出现的时间分别为6.66 mg/kg(12 h)、2.42 mg/kg(24 h)和0.09 mg/kg(12 h),表明套袋果实毒死蜱来源于枝叶运输,经果柄进入果实后易向果皮累积;而未套袋果施药后24和72 h果皮中毒死蜱含量分别为套袋果的12.56和7.29倍,表明套袋可有效降低果实中毒死蜱的残留量。于果实成熟期向果面喷施毒死蜱后7、14和25d,果皮中毒死蜱残留量分别为15.54、13.70和12.81mg/kg,占全果含量的100%,而果肉中毒死蜱残留量低于本检测方法的最低检出浓度(0.05mg/kg),因此果皮为果实中毒死蜱主要残留部位,且贮藏期果皮中毒死蜱不易向果肉扩散。To figure out the characteristics of residue and dissipation of chlorpyrifos in different tissues of Ya pear （Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Yali） fruits, the selected 20 years old trees of Ya pear were sprayed with 960 mg/L chlorpyrifos on leaves during the period of the fruit development. The fruits were bagged to protect it from the pollution of chlorpyrifos. The patterns of transportation and distribution of chlorpyrifos in the bagged fruits were investigated. Then, the fruits were sprayed with 480 mg/L chlorpyrifos at the maturation stage before harvest. The characteristics of chlorpyrifos distribution in different tissues of the fruits were analyzed. The residue of chlorpyrifos in the fruits was analyzed by using the acetonitrile for extraction and gas chromatograph for detection. The results showed that the chlorpyrifos content in different tissues of the fruits （except the core） tended to increase first and then decrease gradually in 72 h after the spraying under the fruit bagged condition. The highest amount of the contents and the time appeared in the carpopodium, peel, and stalk cavity were 6.66 mg/kg （12 h）, 2.42 mg/kg （24 h）, and 0.09 mg/kg （12 h）, respectively. The results indicated that the chlorpyrifos in bagged fruits derived from the transportation in the branches and leaves, and it went into the fruits via the carpopodium and tended to accumulate in the peel. 24 h and 72 h after the spraying, the chlorpyrifos content in the peel of the no bagged fruits was 12.56 and 7.29 times higher than that the bagged fruits, respectively. The fruits bagging could lower the chlorpyrifos residue in the fruits significantly. When spraying on the fruits at the maturation stage before harvest, the chlorpyrifos residue in the peel was 15.54 mg/kg after 7 days storage. Then, the residue decreased to 13.70 mg/kg and 12.81 mg/kg after 14 d and 25 d storage period, respectively. The chlorpyrifos residue in the peel was 100% of the total in the fruits and the chlorpyrifos residue in the pulp was lo

关 键 词：毒死蜱 鸭梨 套袋 运输 分布 残留 消解 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]