基于脑科学的儿童神经认知发育障碍评估与干预  

Assessment and intervention of neurocognitive developmental disorders in children based on brain science

作　　者：程大志[1] 陈倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院神经内科,北京100020

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2017年第4期275-279,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养资助(青年骨干个人)(2014000021469G227);北京市医院管理局"青苗"计划专项经费资助(QML20151202);首都卫生发展科研专项项目(2016-2-2103)

摘　　要：儿童神经认知发育障碍主要包括发展性阅读障碍、发展性计算障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍和孤独症谱系障碍,是儿童神经系统疾病的高发共患病。神经认知发育障碍严重影响患儿的学业表现和社交能力,对长期的社会预后提出巨大挑战。目前,对于儿童神经认知发育的诊疗,临床尚缺乏客观有效的工具。近些年,脑科学技术的发展为儿童神经认知发育障碍的机制及其干预提供了新的途径。文章从认知行为、脑神经机制和干预的角度,阐述儿童神经认知发育障碍脑科学研究成果。这些证据表明,儿童神经认知发育障碍存在特定的核心认知障碍和脑区的结构或功能异常,其干预以认知行为训练为主,脑刺激的效果有待进一步确认。Neurocognitive developmental disorders in children include developmental dyslexia, developmental dyscalculia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders, which have high incidence in children＇ s nervous system diseases. Neurocognitive developmental disorders affect the children＇ s academic performance and social skills, and are the challenge in the long-term social prognosis. At present, we are in lack of objective and effective tool for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurocognitive development disorders in children. In recent years, the development of brain science provides a new way to explore the mechanism and intervention of the neurocognitive developmental disor- ders. From the perspective of cognitive behavioral, neural mechanisms and intervention, this paper elaborates the re- search findings of brain science in neurocognitive developmental disorders. The evidence of brain science demonstrateds that neurocognitive developmental disorders present core cognitive impairment and abnormal brain structure or function. The intervention mainly involves cognitive behavior training, and the brain stimulation effect needs to be confirmed.

关 键 词：儿童 神经认知发育障碍 脑科学 神经机制 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]