中国生态系统水源涵养空间特征及其影响因素  

Spatial patterns of ecosystem water conservation in China and its impact factors analysis

作　　者：龚诗涵[1,2] 肖洋[1,2] 郑华[1] 肖燚[1] 欧阳志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第7期2455-2462,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：基金项目:全国生态环境长期跟踪遥感调查(KFJ-EW-ZY-004)

摘　　要：水源涵养是陆地生态系统重要生态服务功能之一,包含着大气、水分、植被和土壤等自然过程,其变化将直接影响区域气候水文、植被和土壤等状况,是区域生态系统状况的重要指示器。我国水资源贫乏,降水时空分布不均,在区域尺度上评估全国生态系统水源涵养功能空间特征及其影响因素,对科学认识和合理保护我国生态系统水源涵养,和制定生态环境保护决策具有十分重要的意义。以全国生态系统水源涵养功能为研究对象,通过收集和分析相关数据,对各类典型生态系统水源涵养数据进行归类与统计,在区域尺度上评估中国生态系统水源涵养功能,并分析气候与人类活动对其影响。结果表明:(1)中国水源涵养总体上呈现东南高西北低、由东到西逐渐递减特征。2010年全国生态系统水源涵养总量为12224.33亿m^3。(2)森林是我国生态系统水源涵养的主体,其水源涵养量最高,占全国水源涵养总量的60.80%。其中,常绿针叶林生态系统水源涵养量最多,而常绿阔叶林水源涵养能力最高。按流域统计,相对于其他一级流域,长江流域生态系统的水源涵养量最高。(3)中国生态系统水源涵养受气候和人类活动的影响,与降水、温度、蒸散、坡度、COD密度和长江生态工程呈现显著的正相关,而与GDP密度和农村人口密度呈现明显的负相关。Water conservation is an important component of ecosystem services, and is involved in natural processes such as regional climate circulation, the hydrologic cycle, vegetation growth and survival, soil conditions, and other natural processes. It is also an important indicator of regional ecosystem status. Water resources in China are scarce, and precipitation is uneven through time and space. Many researchers have attributed water resource loss in China to long-term human interference and widespread changes in land use and cover. Other studies have found that climate conditions, such as drought, severe storms, and temperature fluctuations are the primary cause of water resource changes. Whatever be the cause, recent studies have shown that human activities can improve the level of water conservation in selected study regions across China. It is necessary to investigate current water level conservation and its response to climatic variation and human activities, which will allow for a better understanding of their accumulated consequences.This study analyzed literature and applied Geographic Information System techniques to analyze the hydrological characteristics of different ecosystems, and to develop a method to assess the water conservation service of different ecosystems at a regional scale while considering how those water conservation services formed. We quantified the water conservation services of different ecosystems in China comparing those services across different types of ecosystems, basins and elevations separately. We then analyzed the respective effect of climate and human activities on spatial patterns in water conservation services. We found that：（1） In China, water conservation followed a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest of inland areas. The total amount of water conserved in China in 2010 was 12224.33×108m^3. The vast areas south of the Yangtze River, which experience high levels of precipitation, were the primary water conservation area. This included the middle and

关 键 词：水源涵养 空间特征 气候影响 人类活动 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]