有机物料还田对麦田土壤碳氮含量、小麦产量及经济效益的影响  

Effects of Organic Materials Returning on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Contents,Yield and Economic Benefit in Wheat

作　　者：李春喜[1] 张令令[1] 马守臣[2] 邵云[1] 陈惠婷[1] 王敬婼 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2017年第2期145-150,共6页Crops

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07);"十三五"国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0300203-3)

摘　　要：设秸秆、猪粪、沼液和对照(CK,秸秆不还田)处理,通过长期的田间定位试验探究不同有机物料还田对小麦田土壤碳氮含量、植株氮素利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,成熟期与播前相比,除CK外,猪粪、秸秆还田和沼液处理的全氮和有机碳含量均增加,且氮素积累量、氮素偏生产力和氮素利用效率均大于CK,分别增加13.85%、3.23%、4.67%(2013-2014年)和10.25%、7.68%、0.48%(2014-2015年)。猪粪、秸秆还田和沼液处理的产量均显著大于CK(P<0.05),分别增加14.29%、11.12%、4.65%(2013-2014年)和26.61%、16.18%、10.96%(2014-2015年)。2013-2014年,猪粪和秸秆还田处理的经济效益显著大于CK(P<0.05),分别增加10.73%、12.34%;2014-2015年,猪粪、秸秆还田和沼液处理与CK相比分别增加31.04%、20.65%和10.86%。综上所述,有机物料还田不但可以提高土壤的基础肥力和小麦产量,而且可以提高经济效益。Long-term field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different organic materials returning on soil carbon and nitrogen content, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and economic benefit in wheat. Four treatments were designed as below： CK（without organic materials）, J（returning straw totally）, F（pig manure）, and Z（biogas slurry）. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under F, J and Z treatments were increased compared with CK at mature period. Nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of F, J and Z treatments were also higher than CK, increased by 13.85%, 3.23%, 4.67%（2013-2014） and 10.25%, 7.68%, 0.48%（2014-2015）, respectively. Yields under F, J and Z treatments were significantly higher than CK（P〈0.05）, increased by 14.29%, 11.12%, 4.65%（2013-2014） and 26.61%, 16.18%, 10.96%（2014-2015）, respectively. In 2013-2014, economic benefit under F and J treatments were significantly higher than CK（P〈0.05） by 10.73%, 12.34%, respectively; While in 2014-2015, those under F, J and Z treatments were all significantly higher than CK（P〈0.05） by 31.04%, 20.65% and 10.86%, respectively. In summary, organic materials retuning can improve the basic fertility of soil and wheat yield, as well as the economic benefit.

关 键 词：有机物料还田 小麦 土壤有机碳 土壤全氮 氮素利用效率 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]