旱地麦田休闲期深翻下全年覆膜技术对土壤水分、小麦产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Mulch Technology of One Year Based on Deep Tillage in Fallow on Soil Water,Wheat Yield and Quality in Dryland Wheat

作　　者：赵红梅[1] 杨艳君[1] 李洪燕[1] 冀瑞萍[1] 苏艳玲[1] ZHAO Hongmei YANG Yanjun LI Hongyan JI Ruiping SU Yanling(College of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030600, Chin)

机构地区：[1]晋中学院生物科学与技术学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2017年第4期561-566,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24);国家自然科学基金项目(31101112);山西省科技攻关项目(20110311001-4)

摘　　要：采用大田试验,研究休闲期深翻下全膜覆盖与生育期覆膜播种对土壤水分、小麦产量及其构成的影响,旨在明确旱地麦田休闲期深翻覆盖调控技术的蓄水保墒效果,为旱地小麦蓄水保墒综合栽培技术提供新途径。结果表明,休闲期深翻下全膜覆盖较不覆盖可显著提高播前0~280 cm各土层土壤蓄水量、越冬期—抽穗期0~300 cm土壤蓄水量,可提高穗数、穗粒数、产量及水分利用效率;深翻下全膜覆盖配套膜际条播方式较沟播、条播可显著提高越冬期—抽穗期0~300 cm土壤蓄水量、水分利用效率,可提高穗数、穗粒数,产量提高57.6%,可提高籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量。总之,旱地麦田休闲期深翻下全年覆膜技术有利于蓄积休闲期降水和有效利用生育期降水,提高水分利用效率,最终提高小麦产量及品质,是适合旱地麦田采用的一种蓄水保墒综合栽培技术。Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of mulch based on deep tillage in fallow and mulch in growing stage on soil water, wheat yield and quality. The object was to clear the effect of mulch regulating technology based on deep tillage in fallow on moisture conservation and provide the new way for integrated cultivation techniques in wheat crop. The results showed that mulch based on deep tillage in fallow could significantly increase the soil water storage at the deep of 0-280 cm soil depth before sowing and at the deep of 0-300 cm from wintering stage to heading stage. This method could increase the ear number, grain number per spike, yield and water use efficiency compared with no mulch. Film mulch coordinated with mulch based on deep tillage could significantly improve the soil water storage at the deep of 0-300 cm from wintering stage to heading stage and water use efficiency. The integrated technology also could improve the ear number, grain number per spike and yield by 57.6%. It could also improve the grain protein content. In word, mulch technology of one year based on deep tillage in fallow in dryland wheat is favorable to conserving the precipitation of fallow and use the precipitation of growing stage, increasing the water use efficiency, yield and quality. This integrated technology is the better technology adopted by dryland wheat crop.

关 键 词：休闲期 深翻 覆盖调控技术 土壤蓄水量 产量形成 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S157.4