熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金的研究进展  

Research Progress on Preparation of Rare Earth Magnesium Alloys by Molten Salt Electrolysis

作　　者：王健[1] 华中胜[1] 马欢[1] 樊友奇[1] 王磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学冶金工程学院,安徽马鞍山243002

出　　处：《稀土》2017年第2期100-113,共14页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51204002;51404004);大学生创新创业计划训练项目(201410360126)

摘　　要：稀土镁合金在保留镁合金诸多优点的基础上,进一步强化了高温力学性能,有效改善了抗蠕变、耐热、耐腐蚀等性能,是高性能镁合金的典型代表。与传统熔铸法相比,熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金具有合金成分均匀,收得率高,成本低,易实现大规模、连续化生产等优势。综述了熔盐电解法制备稀土镁合金的研究进展,重点介绍了Mg-Y,Mg-Nd,Mg-Li-RE等合金的电解制备工艺;讨论了氯化物体系和氟化物体系电解制备稀土镁合金的优缺点;指出了高电能消耗、低电流效率、高尾气排放是当前熔盐电解法用于制备稀土镁合金存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的解决措施;最后展望了未来可能的发展趋势,认为电解直接制备多元系应用合金及开发环境友好型的电解工艺是今后熔盐电解生产稀土镁合金的重要研究方向。As the typical high performance magnesium alloys, rare earth magnesium alloys show a better high temperature mechanical property and higher creep resistance, heat resistance as well as corrosion resistance besides the inherent advantages of magnesium alloys. Mg - RE based alloys obtained by molten salt electrolysis possess a homogenous composition and high yield of rare earth elements and lower cost. Compared to the traditional method of metal casting, molten salt electrolysis is more suitable for large - scale and continuous production of Mg- RE based alloys. Current researches and developments on preparation of Mg - RE based alloys, such as Mg - ~, Mg - Nd and Mg - Li - RE alloys, by molten salt electrolysis were in- vestigated. Advantages and disadvantages of electrolysis technology in molten chlorides and fluorides system were discussed. It was proposed that high energy consumption, low current efficiency, and high, emissions were the main problems in preparation of Mg - RE based alloys via molten salt electrolysis, and some solutions were given. Finally, future developments were analysed, and direct preparation of multicomponent applied alloys and development of environment - friendly electrolysis process were considered to be the main development direction of molten salt electrolysis in future.

关 键 词：电解 稀土镁合金 熔盐体系 电流效率 进展 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]