聚酰亚胺纤维的研究进展  

Research Progress of Polyimide Fibers

作　　者：常晶菁 牛鸿庆[1] 武德珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子通报》2017年第3期19-27,共9页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51373008);973项目(2014CB643606)

摘　　要：聚酰亚胺纤维由于分子主链含有刚性的芳杂环结构,赋予其优异的力学、热学、耐辐照、介电以及化学稳定性等性能,从而在航空航天、高温耐热、防火阻燃、电子器件、核能等领域具有广泛应用前景,并成为21世纪最具潜力的高性能纤维之一。近年来,随着单体来源、工艺条件的不断改善,聚酰亚胺纤维的研究得到更大关注和投入,极大促进了聚酰亚胺纤维的规模化制备和应用发展开发。本文综述了近年来高性能聚酰亚胺纤维的国内外研究成果,并针对不同化学结构、纺丝工艺以及亚胺化方法对纤维性能的影响进行阐述,同时也对其发展趋势进行展望。Owing to the specific aromatic heterocyclic structures in the polymer chains,polyimide （PI） fibers exhibit superior mechanical as well as thermal properties,excellent radiation resistance,good dielectric performance and chemical stability.Therefore,they have potential applications in aerospace,high-temperature resistance,flame retardance,electronic industry and nuclear energy.Thus,PI fibers are considered as one of the most promising high-performance fibers in the 21st century.Recently,a number of advances have been made for PI fibers to be increasingly explored along with the development of more monomers selection and spinning technology,which greatly promotes the industrialization and development of PI fibers.This review discusses the research progresses of high-performance PI fibers at home and abroad,and analyses the effects of chemical structure,spinning condition and imidization process on the properties of PI fibers and meanwhile,the development prospect of PI fibers is proposed.

关 键 词：聚酰亚胺纤维 聚集态结构 牵伸比 亚胺化 

分 类 号：TQ342.731[化学工程—化纤工业]