解淀粉芽胞杆菌干悬浮剂对稻瘟病的防治效果及安全性评价  

Control Effect to Rice Blast and Safety Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Dry Flowable Formulations

作　　者：王法国[1,2] 许萍萍[3] 张荣胜[1] 陆凡[1,2] 刘永锋[1,2] 李虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095 [3]南京出入境检验检疫局,南京211106

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2017年第2期241-247,共7页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2014386);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX-13-3024);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B00)

摘　　要：目前芽胞杆菌微生物杀菌剂的剂型主要以水剂和可湿性粉剂为主,芽胞杆菌干悬浮剂作为芽胞杆菌类杀菌剂的新剂型,其安全性及特性需要研究。本文分析了解淀粉芽胞杆菌T429、JT84、Lx-11、B-916干悬浮剂对稻瘟病菌的抑菌活性,平板对峙试验结果表明,抑菌带宽分别为12.00、10.33、7.67和7.50 mm;使用20 mL甲醇萃取2 g干悬浮剂,发现其对稻瘟病菌抑菌带宽分别为7.00、6.33、5.50和5.00 mm。显微观察后发现稻瘟病菌菌丝明显膨大,表明在解淀粉芽胞杆菌干悬浮剂中存在脂肽类物质;在水稻破口期喷施解淀粉芽胞杆菌T429、JT84、Lx-11、B-916干悬浮剂75 g/667 m^2,对水稻穗颈瘟的防治效果分别为85.2%、79.3%、79.6%、78.9%;使用4株解淀粉芽胞杆菌干悬浮剂对水稻种子进行浸种处理,当稀释500倍时,对水稻种子安全,且具有不同程度的促生作用;上述4株菌株干悬浮剂室内稳定性测定结果表明,存放90 d时活菌数减少不显著,存放180 d时T429与B-916变化不显著,Lx-11与JT84下降30%左右,存放360 d时4株解淀粉芽胞杆菌干悬浮剂活菌数不低于1×10~9 cfu/mL。Wettable powder and aqueous solutions is the main type of microbial pesticide formulations in China. However, dry flowable formulations that safety and effective have been becoming important in the application of bioagent. Dual culturing experiment showed that inhibition zones of four Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T429, JT84, Lx-11, B-916 dry flowable formulations against Magnaporthe oryzae were 12.00, 10.33, 7.67 and 7.50 mm, respectively. Inhibition zones of lipopeptides from dry flowable formulations against M. oryzae were 7.00, 6.33, 5.50 and 5.00 mm. Mycelium of M. oryzae exhibited obviously swelled by microscopic observations. Thus it can be seen that lipopeptides still exist in the dry flowable formulations. It was show that control effects ofB. amyloliquefaciens T429, JT84, Lx-11 and B-916 dry flowable formulations against rice blast were 85.2%, 79.3%, 79.6% and 78.9% in field trials. When treated rice seeds with four 500 times diluted dry flowable formulations supernatant, there were not only no toxic effects but also varying degrees of growth promotion. The storage stability measured was found that the number of spores did not decreased significantly in 90 days. After 180 days storage, spores in flowable formulations of T429 and B-916 had no significant changes, but decreased 30% in Lx-11 and JT84 dry flowable formulations were observed. After 360 days storage, every strain remained viable cell count above the 1×109cfu/mL.

关 键 词：干悬浮剂 解淀粉芽胞杆菌 稻瘟病 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]