地方政府与基层实践——一个协商民主的理论分析框架  

Local Governments and Community-Level Practice:A Theoretical Analysis Framework of Deliberative Democracy

作　　者：林雪霏[1] 邵梓捷 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院 [2]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2017年第2期156-166,共11页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助课题"基层协商民主的运行与制度化研究"(项目编号:2015M580161)

摘　　要：协商民主在中国的基层实践遵循的是嵌入式的生长路径,高度仰赖地方政府的制度性供给,也就必然受其目标理念、组织结构以及政治环境等要素的影响。在体制性塑造下,基层协商民主实践整体呈现出民主与治理间的徘徊与整合,表现为当前各地以"协商民主"为名的基层实践存在回应型、自治型和咨询型协商三种不同类型;协商制度设计和运行中更多地"利用"体制内资源和手段而非"探索"科学的协商技术;在协商参与者的选择上沿袭着以群体为本位的代表逻辑,在代表类型和范围上有所拓展;推动实践的主导力量由政治精英扩展到例如人大、政协等体制内组织,它们由此激活了原本被"虚置"的政治权力。当前的基层协商实践呈现出本土性特色,但仍需完善与拓展才可能实现国家与社会相互依赖的"双向民主化"转型。The development of deliberative democracy at the community level in China is embedded in local governments, so it depends heavily on the governments＇ supply and is also greatly impacted by the institutional factors such as the goals of local governments, hierarchy organizations and political culture. Under the shaping of local governments, deliberative democracy at the community level is lingering between governance and democra- cy. The practice using the name of deliberative democracy at the community level can be divided into responsive deliberation, autonomic deliberation and consultative deliberation. In the design of the deliberative system, there are more systemic resources to be exploited than the scientific method or technology to be explored. The representative logic based on ＂group＂ is continued when choosing deliberative participators, but the types and range of representatives are expanded. Meanwhile, the main force of deliberative democracy at the community level is extended from political elites to systematic organizations such as the National People＇s Congress and the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference, whose political power is synchronously activated. The present deliberative practices have showed local characteristics, but they have room for improvement and expansion.

关 键 词：基层协商民主 地方政府 嵌入式生长 体制性塑造 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学]