城市化过程中家庭照料分工与二孩生育意愿研究  

A Study of the Division of Family Care and the Willingness to Have the Second Child in the Process of Urbanization

作　　者：王晶[1] 杨小科[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院研究生院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2017年第2期140-155,共16页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金青年课题"农村社会资本对老年健康的影响"(11CSHO65)

摘　　要：代际互助是中国家庭的重要传统,在"二孩生育"问题上,父代能否承担孙子女照料是决定子代家庭生育二孩的重要条件。基于当下隔代照料类型的差异,论文提出了"候鸟型照料"和"留守型照料"两种过渡形态的照料模式,前一种照料模式以老年流动为前提;后一种照料模式是以儿童留守为前提。两种照料模式都是基于节约家庭抚育成本的策略安排。论文利用2015年北京市青年人口发展状况调查数据研究表明,"候鸟型"照料模式确实在一定程度上提高了城市青年夫妇生育二孩的意愿,但其强度和稳定性低于"长期共居型"的照料。而"留守型"照料对二孩生育意愿产生了逆向的作用,采取留守型照料的青年夫妇相对排斥生育二孩,城市化过程中弱势群体在生育行为上越来越趋于保守。论文认为逐渐完善"候鸟型"老年群体的福利安排,对于二孩生育问题也将起到重要的促进作用。Intergenerational mutual help is an important tradition in China.Grandparents taking care of grandchildren is an important condition for determining the birth of the second child in an urban family. The paper proposed two kinds of care modes,which are 'migratory-bird 'and 'left-behind '. The former mode is based on the movement of the grandparents; and the latter refers to a child left behind with their grandparents. Both modes of care are based on family strategic arrangements to save living costs. According to the survey of 'Development of Young Population in Beijing in 2015 ',the 'migratory-birds ' approach did improve the willingness of urban young couples to give birth to their second child,but their strength and stability were lower than those of the 'long-term cohabitation with young couples' family. The'left-behind'approach was associated withless willingness to have the second child.In the process of urbanization, vulnerable groups are becoming more and more conservative in their reproductive behavior. The paper suggests that gradually improving the welfare arrangements of the elderly groups that make up the 'migratory-birds 'would also play an importantrole in convincing young couples to have the second child.

关 键 词：二孩生育 机会成本 候鸟型照料 留守型照料 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学] C913.1