基于层状周期性结构的声波调控技术研究  

Investigation of Acoustic Manipulation by Layered Periodic Composites

作　　者：朱晓辉[1] 李隆球[1] 张广玉[1] 周强[1] 吴英丹 乔菁[2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2017年第6期10-15,25,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51574098);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B07018);中国博士后基金(2012M520720)资助项目

摘　　要：根据工程实际对声波隔离的需求提出一种特殊的一维层状周期性结构——全反射结构。建立一维层状周期性结构的理论模型和声波传播过程的全弹性有限单元模型,采用传递矩阵法研究了结构的声学特性,包括频带结构和传播特性,分析了层状周期性结构对声波传播的影响。根据设计要求,建立一维层状周期性全反射结构的数学模型,根据优化目标、设计变量和约束条件,确定了基于遗传算法的结构设计方法,并给出了详细的设计方法和设计流程。以两相多层结构为例,应用所提出的方法设计了钢/铝两相五层结构,并搭建了超声试验平台,测试了钢五层结构、铝五层结构和钢/铝两相五层结构的超声波透射系数,通过对比试验法验证了钢/铝两相五层结构对900~1 200 kHz超声波的反射能力。According to the practical demand of engineering for acoustic isolation, a special kind of one-dimensional （1D） layered periodic structure, total-reflective structure, is proposed. The theoretical model of 1D layered periodic structure and the completely elastic finite element model of acoustic wave propagation are established. Applying transfer matrix method, the acoustic characteristics of the structure are studied and its impact to acoustic wave propagation is analyzed, including band structure and transfer characteristic. Based on the design requirement, the mathematical model of total-reflective structure is established, including optimal object, design variables and constraints. Adopting genetic algorithm, the complete system and detailed method of design are proposed. Using the proposed method, a steel/aluminum structure with five layers is designed. And the ultrasonic platform for ultrasonic wave during 900-1 200 kHz is set up to test the propagation characteristics of steel five-layered structure, aluminum five-layered structure and steel/aluminum five-layered structure respectively. From the contrasting test, the reflection capability of the designed structure and the feasibility of total-reflective structure are verified.

关 键 词：隔声 层状周期性结构 全反射结构 传递矩阵法 

分 类 号：O422[理学—声学]