滑坡事故后公共卫生应急处置体系的快速建立及应用  

Rapid establishment and application of public health emergency response system after the landslide accident

作　　者：逯建华[1] 何建凡[1] 谢建滨[1] 许舒乐[1] 张雅德[1] 冼慧霞[1] LU Jian-hua HE Jian-fan XIE Jian-bin XU Shu-le ZHANG Ya-de XIAN Hui-xia(Shenzhen Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2017年第5期555-558,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2013年深圳市科技计划项目(201302144)

摘　　要：目的总结光明新区滑坡事故后公共卫生应急处置经验,为今后相关的事故或灾害救援工作提供有益借鉴。方法应用风险评估方法,列举各类风险事件,针对性地构建滑坡事故后公共卫生应急处置体系,包括应急管理、症状监测、食品安全保障、饮用水监测、职业卫生监测、病媒生物监测、心理干预、现场消毒和健康教育等。结果 2015年12月20日-2016年2月5日,救援现场及各安置点灾后无传染病疫情及突发公共卫生事件发生,累计报告症状监测病例79例,其中救援人员48例,安置点群众31例,主要以腹泻(41.8%)和发热(31.6%)为主;累计采集水质样品363份、空气样品335份、土壤样品92份,检测外照射γ射线辐射水平150个点,结果均未见异常;累计环境消杀面积9 531 840 m^2,开展26次鼠密度、7次蝇密度和2次蚊密度监测,病媒生物密度控制在较低水平;累计发现心理问题和精神障碍患者187人;累计派发防病宣传折页20 320张。结论滑坡事故后快速建立的公共卫生应急处置体系,能有效防止传染病疫情等突发公共卫生事件的发生,为救援工作的顺利开展提供重要的卫生保障。Objective To summarize the experience of public health emergency response after the landslide disaster in Guangming New District, Shenzhen so as to provide useful references for future work regarding accident or disaster relief. Methods We used risk assessment method to enumerate all kinds of risk events, and then built a targeted public health emergency system after the landslide accident, including emergency management, symptom monitoring, food security, drinking water monitoring, occu- pation health monitoring, vector surveillance, psychological intervention, on-the-spot disinfection and health education. Results No infections disease epidemics and public health emergencies were observed in the rescue scene and settlements from December 20, 2015 to February 5, 2016. Seventy-nine symptom monitoring eases were cumulatively reported, including 48 eases of rescue workers and 31 residents in settlements, mainly with manifestations of diarrhea （ 41.8% ） and fever （ 31.6% }. A total of 363 water samples, 335 air samples and 92 soil samples were collected, and 150 sites were detected for external beam radial γ. No abnormal findings were found. The cumulative environmental disinfection areas reached 9,531,840 square meters. The density of rats, flies and mosquitos were monitored for 26, 7 and 2 times respectively, and it was revealed that the vector density was kept at a low level. 187 patients with psychological problems and mental disorders were cumulatively found. 20,320 prevention publicity foldouts were cumulatively distributed. Conclusions The rapidly established public health emergency response system after the landslide accident can effectively prevent emergency public health events like infectious disease epidemic and provide important health guarantee for smooth rescue work.

关 键 词：滑坡事故 公共卫生 应急处置 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]