职业应激对空勤人员健康效应的研究  

Study on the health effect of the occupational stress in aircrew

作　　者：周丽萍[1] 田宏迩[1] 刘留留 马蕾[1] 张宏[1] 张庆东[2] 朱新云[2] 朱华斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学公共卫生学院,南京210009 [2]扬中市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2017年第2期115-118,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金（14YJA840012）

摘　　要：目的 探讨职业应激与生理生化指标的关系,研究职业应激对空勤人员健康效应产生的影响.方法 于2015年10月,采用职业应激目录问卷（OSI-R）对450名空勤人员进行问卷调查,并测定其血压、血常规、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和尿酸（UA）水平.结果 空勤人员血红蛋白（HB）的变化与任务冲突、休闲娱乐呈正向关联（β=0.262、0.106,均P〈0.05）,与任务过重、任务不适和心理紧张反应呈负向关联（β=-0.163、-0.102、-0.137,均P〈0.05）;红细胞（RBC）的变化与任务冲突、自我保健呈正向关联（β=0.221、0.159,均P〈0.01）,与任务过重、心理紧张反应、社会支持呈负向关联（β=-0.157、-0.119、-0.113,均P〈0.05）;ALT的变化与任务过重、心理紧张反应、社会支持呈负向关联（β=-0.176、-0.096、-0.102,均P〈0.05）,与任务模糊、自我保健呈正向关联（β=0.144、0.159,均P〈0.05）;UA的变化与工作环境和心理紧张反应呈负向关联（β=-0.110、-0.119,均P〈0.05）,与自我保健呈正向关联（β=0.096,P〈0.05）;SBP的变化与任务不适、人际关系紧张反应、社会支持呈负向关联（β=-0.093、-0.103、-0.111,均P〈0.05）,与自我保健呈正向关联（β=0.170,P〈0.01）;DBP的变化与自我保健呈正向关联（β=0.139,P〈0.05）,与社会支持呈负向关联（β=-0.114,P〈0.05）.结论 空勤人员职业应激与血压、HB、RBC、ALT和UA水平相关,职业应激可能对空勤人员的健康效应产生影响.Objective To explore the relationship between occupational stress and physiological and biochemical indexes, to research the health effect of the occupational stress in aircrew. Methods 450 aircrews were conducted with the OSI-R questionnaire survey, examine the level of blood pressure, blood routine, ALT and UA. Results The concentration of HB was positively related with task conflict and entertainment and leisure （β=0.262 and 0.106, both P〈0.05）, while heavy task, task discomfort and psychological stress reactions were negatively related with HB （β=-0.163, -0.102, and -0.137, all P〈0.05）; task conflict and self-care were positively related with RBC （β=0.221 and 0.159,both P〈0.01）, heavy task, psychological stress reactions and social support were negatively related with RBC（β=-0.157,-0.119, and-0.113,all P〈0.05）;task ambiguity and self-care had a positive relationship with ALT （β=0.144 and 0.159, both P〈0.01） while heavy task, psychological stress reactions and social support had a negative relationship with ALT （β=-0.176,-0.096, and-0.102,all P〈0.05）; self-care was positively related with SBP （β=0.170, P〈0.01）, task discomfort, interpersonal stress reactions and social support were negatively related with SBP（β=-0.093,-0.103, and-0.111, all P〈0.05）;while self-care was positively related with DBP （β=0.139, P〈0.01）, social support was negatively related with DBP （β=-0.114, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Occupational stress of the aircrew is significantly related with blood pressure, RBC, ALT and UA, occupational stress can make effects on the health of aircrew.

关 键 词：空勤人员 职业应激 血红蛋白类 丙氨酸氨基转移酶 尿酸 血压 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]