井冈山山顶矮林优势种云锦杜鹃和猴头杜鹃叶片解剖结构比较  

Comparison of leaf anatomical structure between Rhododendron frotunei and Rhododendron simiarum,two dominant species of montane elfin forest in Jinggangshan

作　　者：邓贤兰[1] 刘鑫[1] 曹裕松[1] 管杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2017年第4期583-589,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660053);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ150784);吉安市科技支撑项目(吉市科计字[2014]36号16);大学生创新训练项目

摘　　要：以井冈山山顶矮林的优势种云锦杜鹃和猴头杜鹃为研究对象,采用石蜡切片法和光镜观察技术对其叶片解剖结构进行了研究,并探讨其与生境的适应关系,为山顶矮林的保护提供科学依据。结果表明:云锦杜鹃和猴头杜鹃叶片的上表皮由2层细胞组成,为复表皮,下表皮由1层细胞组成,下表皮细胞外周壁向外形成很多乳头状突起,上、下表皮外均具有角质膜,气孔位于下表皮;云锦杜鹃和猴头杜鹃叶肉组织分化为栅栏组织和海绵组织,为典型的异面叶,栅栏组织发达,海绵组织胞间隙发达,栅海比分别为0.995和0.637,栅栏组织和海绵组织细胞中含有星状的簇晶;中脉维管组织和机械组织发达,维管束类型为周韧维管束。这些特征表明,井冈山山顶矮林优势种云锦杜鹃和猴头杜鹃叶为典型的旱生植物叶,其结构特征与其所处的井冈山高海拔山顶严酷环境相适应。Taking Rhododendron fortunei Lindley and Rhododendron simiarum Hance, two dominant species of montane elfin forest in Jinggangshan as study objects, the leaf anatomical structures were studied by paraffin-sectioning and opti-cal microtechnique, and the adaptation relationship between its leaf anatomical structures and habitat were explored.The aim was to provide scientific theory foundation for the protection of montane elfin forest. The results showed that the upper epidermis consisted of two layers of epidermic cells, belonging to multiple epidermis. The lower epidermis consisted of one layer of epidermic cells, the peripheral wall of lower epidermis cell had formed outward a lot of convex papillate. The upper and lower epidermis were covered cuticular membrane. The stomata existed in lower epidermis. The mesophyll tissue of Rhododendron fortunei Lindley and Rhododendron simiarum Hance were differentiated into palisade tis-sue and spongy tissue, which indicated that the leaf belonged to typical bifacial leaf. The palisade tissue was well devel-oped; The cells of the spongy tissue lined up loosely and had the bigger cell interval. The ratios of the palisade tissue to the spongy tissue were 0. 995 and 0. 637, respectively. The palisade and spongy tissue cells contained the star clustered crystal. The vascular tissue and mechanical tissue of midrib were well developed, and the middle vein vascular bundle belonged to the amphicribral bundle. These characteristics indicated that the leaves of Rhododendron fortunei Lindley and Rhododendron simiamm Hance of montane elfin forest in Jinggangshan were typical xerophil leaves. Their leaf structural characteristics were adapted to the higher elevation and the harsh environment of the top of the mountain in Jinggangshan.

关 键 词：云锦杜鹃 猴头杜鹃 山顶矮林 叶片解剖结构 优势种 井冈山 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺]