某型潜艇舱室气溶胶及其载带的多环芳烃污染特性研究  

Pollution characteristics of aerosols and variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the cabins of a certain submarine during submergence

作　　者：袁海霞[1] 徐新宏[1] 潘沪湘[1] 任小孟[1] 肖存杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军医学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2017年第1期46-49,共4页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

基　　金：海军装备部资助项目（11A306）

摘　　要：目的 对某型潜艇舱室气溶胶及其载带的多环芳烃污染现状进行调查，对多环芳烃污染来源进行分析，并对其毒性进行评价。方法 在某型潜艇连续潜航6 d时间内，采用安德森八级采样仪对舱室内的气溶胶进行滤膜采样；采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对气溶胶载带的多环芳烃浓度进行分析；采用主成分分析法研究该艇多环芳烃的主要污染来源。结果 该艇各舱室气溶胶污染较为严重，且呈现不同的粒径污染特征，8人住舱、会议室、指挥舱、鱼雷舱及机舱属于单峰污染，厨房和热汽机舱呈现3个较大的峰值；共检测出8种多环芳烃，浓度范围是33.1～90.8 ng/m3，并以3环和4环化合物为主；其毒性当量浓度范围为0.077～0.251 ng/m3。结论 该艇舱室气溶胶污染较严重；烹饪油烟和油品挥发是舱室内多环芳烃的主要来源，其次电子设备以及艇员个人的卫生用品使用也对其浓度产生了一定影响。Objective To investigate the pollution caused by the aerosols and variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in a certain submarine cabins, and analyze the pollution source of PAHs, then to evaluate the toxicology of the contaminated submarine air.Methods Andersen cascade sampler was used to collect atmospheric particulate matter samples, during 6 days of continuous submergence of the submarine. The composition and variation of PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Research on the main pollution sources of PAHs was made by using principal component analysis.Results Aerosol pollution in various cabins of the submarine was quite serious, furthermore it displayed the feature of pollution by different particle sizes. Particle size distribution analysis revealed that the 8-man cabin, meeting room, command room, torpedo room and engine room were of a unimodal size distribution, and the galley and hot air engine room displayed 3 relatively high peaks. Total PAHs were detected, with the concentration scope from 33.1 ng/m3 to 90.8 ng/m3 and with the 3-ring and 4-ring as the primary components. Total TEQ concentration ranged from 0.077 ng/m3 to 0.251 ng/m3.Conclusions Aerosol pollution in the cabins of the submarine was serious, with the cooking mist and volatile components of fuel as the main sources of PAHs and electrical appliances and laundry detergents as secondary source of pollution.

关 键 词：潜艇舱室 气溶胶 多环芳烃 

分 类 号：R841[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]