葡萄种植行向对覆膜越冬膜下温度的影响  

Effects of grapevine row direction on temperature under plastic film during overwintering period

作　　者：李银芳[1] 潘伯荣[1] 阿迪力.吾彼尔 沈青林 方桂娟 李奇 马洪亮 辛和平 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆阜康市林业局,新疆阜康8315013 [3]新疆阜康市气象局,新疆阜康831501

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年第2期240-246,288,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目<葡萄越冬双层塑膜覆盖技术示范推广>(201454124)

摘　　要：为消除葡萄东西行向种植双膜覆盖越冬膜上雪被不足的顾虑,2014—2015年冬季在新疆阜康进行了东西向、南北向膜下和土埋的温度逐日观测。结果表明,寒冷期最低温度东西向较高。整个冬季东西向有大于土埋的补偿温度,而南北向是低于土埋的亏缺温度。在-25.6℃的最低气温日,东西向是-3.0℃、南北向-5.4℃、土埋-4.6℃。经推算,在-37℃极端最低气温时,分别是-9.6℃、-13.6℃、-10.4℃。两种行向都经得住极端最低气温和长期低温的酷寒,东西向好于南北向。最高温度、平均温度也是东西向较高,温差则反之。10℃萌发生长的日期东西向比土埋提前37天,南北向提前35天。东西向还较南北向高产优质,生长旺盛。东西向因为优越的光照条件,可不再担忧雪被不足的问题。若采用篱架式南北向栽培,双膜越冬也是安全可靠的。The values of daily temperature in grapevine field with different row directions were measured in Fukang,Xinjiang,China in winter of 2014—2015 based on the situation that the snow covering over the doublelayer film mulching during overwintering was too thin,especially for east-west grapevine rows. The results revealed that the minimum temperature along the east-west rows was relatively high during the coldest period in winter. Along the east-west grapevine rows,there was a compensation temperature higher than the soil-buried temperature,but there was a deficit temperature lower than the soil-buried temperature along the south-north grapevine rows. The temperatures were-3. 0℃,-5. 4℃ and-4. 6℃ along the east-west rows,south-north rows and soil-buried rows respectively when the minimum daily temperature was-25. 6℃,and based on the estimation they were-9. 6℃,-13. 6℃ and-10. 4℃ respectively when the extremely minimum temperature was 37℃.The grapevines could survive under the extremely minimum temperature and the long-period low temperature under both row directions,but the east-west one was better than the south-north one. The maximum temperature and average temperature along the east-west rows were also higher than those along the south-north rows,while the temperature difference was opposite. The sprouting dates of grapevines were 37 and 35 days earlier along the east-west rows and south-north rows respectively than those buried by soil. The grapevines along the east-west rows could grow more luxuriantly and the yield and quality were higher than those along the south-north rows. Therefore,the east-west direction is optimal for the overwintering of grapevines even when snow covering is thin. Whenfence-frame south-north cultivation is adopted,the double-layer film mulching during overwintering is also safe and reliable.

关 键 词：葡萄 越冬 种植行向 双膜覆盖 雪被 膜下温度 亏补温度 天山北坡 

分 类 号：S162.4[农业科学—农业气象学]