交通事故侵权责任损害赔偿功能的局限性——基于法经济学及实证考察的思考  

The Limitation Function of Road Traffic Liability in Victim Compensation——A View from Law and Economics and Recent Empirical Evidence

作　　者：林承铎[1] 阎语 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际学院,北京100872 [2]荷兰马斯特里赫特大学Metro研究中心

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第2期77-81,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目批准号:15BFX164)

摘　　要：现有的论述普遍认为侵权责任具有损害赔偿功能。然而,法经济学学者普遍认为,侵权责任虽然在赔偿受害者的问题上发挥重要的作用,但这种作用是有一定局限性的。首先,过分地强调侵权责任的损失分散功能,会对低收入人群造成消极的影响,产生再分配上的问题。其次,在保险与侵权责任并存的混合救济模式下,侵权责任的损害赔偿功能是有限的。最后,大量的美国实证研究表明,侵权责任损害赔偿功能的实现需巨额的行政成本,这种投入与其带来的收益不成正比。因此,在现阶段我国交通事故中当事人的保险投保率还较低的情况下,虽然侵权责任确实承担了一定的损害赔偿功能,但这种功能在理论上存在一定的局限性。In China, the commonly accepted idea is that tort liability is suitable to accomplish the goal of victim compen- sation. However, this idea is refuted by many law and economics scholars. In the law and economics literature, the compensatory role played by the tort liability is relatively small and limited. In the first place, the continued expansion of road traffic liability on insurance grounds may lead to redistribution problems. In the second place, the tort liability system promotes the compensation goal only incrementally, and it provides compensation only in addition to the private and public insurance coverage. Finally, many empirical findings have shown that the costs of administering the road traffic liability system are very huge. Based on these reasons, we can conclude that in China, since insurance is not widely obtainable for both victims and injurers, and since the in- surance coverage is relatively low, road traffic liability can still play an important role in providing compensation to victims. How- ever, this role may have certain limitations.

关 键 词：侵权责任 损害赔偿 法经济学 实证考察 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]