盐度胁迫对魁蚶耐受性及体内酶活性的影响  

Influence of Low Salinity Challenge on Survival and Enzyme Activities in Scapharca broughtonii

作　　者：张广明[1,2] 吴彪[2] 杨爱国[2] 孙秀俊[2] 刘志鸿[2] 周丽青[2] 孙超 刘寒苗 赵庆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]烟台市水产研究所,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期159-163,共5页Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2016GH06);黄海水产研究所基本业务专项(20603022017002)

摘　　要：盐度是与渗透压相关的重要环境因子,与水生生物的生存与进化密切相关.为探索魁蚶对低盐的适应能力与渗透压调节机制,本文研究了不同盐度(10,15,20,25)胁迫下,魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的存活情况,以及相应的肝胰腺、外套膜、鳃、斧足、闭壳肌等五种组织中Na^+/K^+-ATP酶活性的变化.结果表明:盐度越低,魁蚶出现死亡的时间越早,半致死浓度(LD50)越大;24,48,72,96 h的LD50分别为5.790,9.872,14.463,14.894.随着盐度不断降低和处理时间延长,Na^+/K^+-ATP酶活力总体呈先上升后下降趋势(p<0.05),适当降低水体盐度可激活并增强魁蚶体内Na^+/K^+-ATP酶活力,但Na^+/K^+-ATP酶被激活具有组织器官特异性和时序性,且超过盐度耐受限度,酶活反被抑制.本研究探索了低盐对魁蚶存活及体内Na^+/K^+-ATP酶的影响,明确了魁蚶对低盐的耐受能力和自身调节生理过程,进一步丰富魁蚶基础研究资料,为培育魁蚶耐低盐新品系提供了科学依据,对于发展和促进魁蚶低盐模式具有重要科学意义.Salinity, which is closely related to survival and development of aquatic organisms, is a very important environmental factor in connection with osmotic pressure. In order to explore the adaptability and the osmotic pressure regulation mechanism of the low salinity, in this study, the survival rate and the enzyme activities of ATP among different tissues including hepatopanereas, mantle, gills, feet and adductor muscles under different salinity levels （10, 15,20,25 and 30） were investigated in ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii. The results indicated that the lower salinity was, the earlier it died and the bigger LDso was. The LD50 were 5. 790, 9. 872,14. 463,14. 894 under the challenge lasting 24,48,72 and 96 h respectively. The ATP activity went up firstly and then decreased with the decline of salinity degree and the elongation of treated time（p〈0.05 ）. It could be deduced that appropriate reduction of salinity might enhance the activity of ATP. However, the ATP activities had tissue specificity and time dependence in S. broughtonii, which would he inhibited as the salinity was out of the range of tolerance. This study explored the effects of low salinity on the survival and Na＋/K＋- ATPase of S. broughtonii, and clarified the tolerance to low salinity and self-regulation of physiological processes. It enriched the basic research data, provided the scientific basis for breeding New strains resistant to low salinity, and it was meaningful to develop and promote the low salinity model of S. broughtonii.

关 键 词：魁蚶 盐度胁迫 半致死盐度 Na+/K+-ATP酶 酶活性 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]