中国报告15岁以下儿童艾滋病病例流行特征分析  

Characteristics of reported HIV infections in children aged < 15 years in China

作　　者：王丽艳[1] 秦倩倩[1] 丁正伟[1] 蔡畅[1] 崔岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《疾病监测》2017年第3期227-231,共5页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的 了解我国报告<15岁儿童艾滋病病例的主要流行特征及变化,为制定儿童感染艾滋病控制措施提供有效信息。方法 收集截至2015年底发现并报告的<15岁艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的人口学和暴露史信息,分析其1985-2015年流行特征及趋势。结果 截至2015年底,共发现儿童HIV/AIDS病例9 906例,小年龄组病例发展呈现3个阶段:1985-1993年外源性引入阶段,1985年首次发现3例输入外源性血制品的小年龄组病例;1994年首次发现2例本地小年龄组报告病例,为经静脉吸毒感染,1994-2009年为本地疫情发现及增长期,2009年为901例;2010年之后为平稳下降期,报告病例数分别为842、892、842、867、840和809例。小年龄组报告病例以母婴传播为主,占82.98%。2010年以来同性和异性传播病例的数量及构成均有所增加,从2010年的2例(0.24%)和9例(1.07%)增至2015年的26例(3.21%)和19例(2.35%)。结论 我国15岁以下儿童疫情伴随全国整体疫情进入广泛流行期后也出现增长,但随着母婴阻断工作的推进,近几年呈现下降趋势,性传播途径感染的增长为今后该人群的艾滋病防治提出了挑战。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infections in children aged 〈15 years in China and provide evidence for the development of AIDS prevention and control measures for children. Methods The demographic and transmission information of HIV/AIDS cases aged 〈15 years diagnosed and reported at the end of 2015 were collected and the epidemic characteristics from 1985 to 2015 were analyzed. Results By the end of 2015,a total of 9 906HIV/AIDS cases had been reported in children aged 15 years,the HIV epidemic in children can be divided into three stages： i. e. stage Ⅰ from 1985 to 1993,during which three cases infected by exogenous blood product use were found in1985,and 2 local cases caused by intravenous drug use were found in 1994,stage Ⅱ from 1994 to 2009,during which increased local cases were found,especially 901 cases reported in 2009; and stage Ⅲ since 2010,during which the case number decreased steadily（ 842 cases in 2010,892 cases in 2011,842 cases in 2012,867 casesin 2013,840 cases in 2014 and 809 cases in 2015）. Most cases were caused by mother to child transmission,accounting for 82. 98%. The cases caused by homosexual and heterosexual transmission increased from 2 cases（ 0. 24%） and 9 cases（ 1. 07%） in 2010 to 26 cases（ 3. 21%） and 19 cases（ 2. 35%） in 2015,respectively. Conclusion The HIV epidemic in children aged 〈15 years in China began to increase along with the widespread of HIV infection in the country,but due to the prevention of mother to child transmission,the incidence of HIV infection in children showed a decline trend. However,sexual contacthas become the major transmission route of HIV infection in this population.

关 键 词：艾滋病 儿童 流行 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]