胜红蓟化感作用研究 Ⅷ.植株对花生和相关杂草的田间化感效应  

Allelopathy of Ageratum conyzoides Ⅷ. Allelopathic Effects of Residues on Peanut and Related Weeds in the Field

作　　者：陈建军[1] 孔垂华[1] 胡飞[1] 谭中文[1] 梁计南[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学报》2002年第8期1196-1201,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 9670 1 41 ) ;广东省自然科学青年基金资助项目 (960 42 7) ;南开大学元素有机化学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目 (980 3 )

摘　　要：在田间条件下 ,胜红蓟化感效应与处理植株的方式和时间显著相关。覆盖处理对花生出苗和生长不产生化感抑制效应 ,而是显示一定的促进效应 ,翻埋处理对花生出苗和生长都产生显著的化感抑制效应。然而覆盖处理 3 0 d,翻埋处理1 0 d后再播种花生 ,花生出苗均受显著抑制。两种处理都能减少许多杂草的萌发 ,但对不同种属杂草萌发的抑制作用有差异。进一步用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)技术研究证实 :覆盖处理条件下 ,胜红蓟植株直到第 1 4天才向土壤中缓慢释放化感物质胜红蓟素 ,第 3 0天达到最大值后逐渐减少。而翻埋处理的第 2天 ,植株就向土壤中释放胜红蓟素 ,第 1 0天达到最大值后缓慢减少 ,但第 2 6天后土壤中胜红蓟素含量又上升 ,然后再逐步下降。这些结果显示不同处理条件下 ,胜红蓟植株对花生和相关杂草的田间化感效应是与胜红蓟植株在不同时间释放的化感物质在土壤中的存在状态和有效作用浓度显著相关的。Ageratum conyzoides is one of exotic weeds in South China and Southeast Asia. The allelopathic potential of A. conyzoides is one of the reasons that it becomes a dominant and widespread weed in managed ecosystems. However, in some specific agroecosystems, both the allelopathic potential and fertility of A. conyzoides residue can be beneficial to crops. In order to investigate allelopathic effects of A. conyzoides residue on peanut and related weeds in the field, treatments both mixed the residues of A. conyzoides into soil and covered soil by the residues of A. conyzoides, and 4 periods of seeding, 10d, 20d, 30d and 40d after conducting the two treatments, were designed respectively. The study showed that the two treatments had significant different effects on peanut both in releasing allelochemicals and other physical factors under field conditions. The seedling emergence of peanut sowed immediately after done treatments were inhibited in mixed and promoted in covered residues of A. conyzoides. However, peanut's seedling emergence would be inhibited both in 10 days after mixed A. conyzoides residues into soil and 30 days after covered soil with A. conyzoides residues. It revealed that the residues of mixed treatment released allelochemicals more quickly and accumulated more amounts of allelochemicals in soil than that of covered treatment. Under conditions of seeding immediately after done treatments, the growth of peanut was not inhibited by covered treatment. However, peanut's growth was inhibited significantly by mixed treatment or seeding in 30 days after covered treatment. It demonstrated that the residues of mixed treatment released enough allelochemicals to inhibit the seedling emergence and growth of peanut. In two treatments of the field, it could be observed similar results that some kinds of weeds would be restrained to germinate and grow, and some would be promoted slightly or no influence. Further research results by HPLC revealed that difference of allelopathic

关 键 词：胜红蓟 化感作用 植株 花生 杂草 田间化感效应 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] Q948.122[农业科学—农艺学]