海南茭白品种比较试验  

Cultivar Comparison Test of Zizania latifolia in Hainan

作　　者：李德明 蔡兴来 

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海口571100

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2017年第4期674-677,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省科学研究计划项目(KYYS-2013-04);海南省"菜篮子"基地建设蔬菜生产项目(琼农字[2015]147号);海南省夏秋淡季蔬菜生产关键技术研究;集成与示范项目(琼财预[2015]174号)

摘　　要：以茭白[Zizania latifolia(Griseb.)Stapf]品种单1茭、柳州茭和单2茭、单3茭、金茭1号、金茭3号为试材,研究各品种在夏秋季(柳州茭为CK)和冬春季(单1茭为CK)的生长发育、品质及病虫害发生情况,旨在进一步确定海南省适栽的茭白品种。结果表明,单季茭冬春季种植的植株高大、雄茭率低、采收期长、茭笋个体大、产量高(单3茭产量为1 610.67 kg/667 m2);双季茭夏秋季种植无雄茭,其中金茭1号植株较高(195 cm)、采收期最长、茭笋最大(96.43 g/支)、产量最高(1 616.76 kg/667 m2)。夏秋季锈病发生最严重(单3茭居首,病指0.911),胡麻斑病其次(金茭1号最重,病指0.727),纹枯病轻(金茭3号最重,病指0.449);冬春季种植病情与夏秋季类似,仅纹枯病稍轻;冬春季茭白虫害(二化螟)稍轻于夏秋季。综合考虑主要形态特征、农艺性状及品质后,参试品种在海南省应分季节种植;其中,单2茭和单3茭适合冬春季种,金茭1号、金茭3号则适合夏秋季种植。Taking Zizania latifolia （Griseb.） Stapf cv. Dan 1 jiao, Z. latifolia cv. Liuzhou jiao, Z. latifolia cv.Dan 2 jiao, Z. latifolia cv. Dan 3 jiao, Z. latifolia cv. Jinjiao No.l, Z. latifolia cv. Jinjiao No.3 as test materials （Among these varieties, Z. latifolia cv. Dan 1 jiao was used as CK for Winter ＆ Spring test. And Z. latifolia cv. Liuzhou jiao was used as CK for Summer ＆ Autumn test）, we invested the growth and development status, main qualities, main diseases and insect pests of these cultivars to further determine the suitable Z. latifolia cultivars for Hainan province. Results were as following. Compared with double-harvest water bamboo, single-harvest water bamboo was taller and had lower male plant rate, longer harvest period, bigger shoot weight and higher yield （eg. Yield of Z. latifolia cv. Dan 3 jiao was 1 610.67 kg/667 m2） in Winter ＆ Spring. Then, double-harvest water bamboo had 0 male plant rate in Summer ＆ Autumn. Among these double-harvest cuhivars, some index （such as plant height of 195 cm, harvest period, big shoot weight of 96.43 g, yield was 1 616.76 kg/667 m2） of Z. lati- folia cv. Jinjiao No.1 was the highest. In Summer ＆ Autumn produce period, Z. latifolia might be infected by serious rust disease （esp. Z. latifolia cv.Dan 3 jiao had 0.911 disease index）, slightly minor helminthosporium leaf spot （esp. Z. latifolia cv. Jinjiao No.1 had 0.727 disease index）, relatively minor sheath blight index（esp. Z latifolia cv. Jinjiao No.3 had 0.499 dis- ease index）. Compared with main disease indexes of Summer ＆ Autumn, which were similar in Winter ＆ Spring. Moreover, sheath blight was much low in Winter ＆ Spring. In Hainan province, the main pest of Z. latifolia is chilo suppressalis. Popu- lation density of this insect was much high in Summer ＆ Autumn than in Winter ＆ Spring. Comprehensive consideration of main morphological characteristics, agronomical character ＆ qualities and qualitues, 4 test varieties should be cultured in dif- ferent seasons

关 键 词：茭白[Zizania latifolia(Griseb.)Stapf] 品种比较 雄茭率 病情指数 虫口密度 海南省 

分 类 号：S645.27[农业科学—蔬菜学]