海州湾及邻近海域口虾蛄群体结构及资源分布特征  

Population Structure and Spatial Distribution of Oratosquilla oratoriain Haizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters

作　　者：许莉莉[1] 薛莹[1] 焦燕[1] 任一平[1] 万荣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第4期28-36,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目(2015ASKJ02);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20120132130001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(201262004)资助~~

摘　　要：口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)是海州湾的优势渔业生物之一,在海州湾生态系统中发挥着重要作用。本文根据2011年3、5、7、9和12月在海州湾及邻近海域进行的底拖网调查数据,对口虾蛄的群体结构、资源密度特征、空间分布和环境因子对其分布的影响等方面进行了研究。研究表明,口虾蛄的全年平均体长为(102.20±0.65)mm,5月平均体长最大(105.56±0.95)mm,7月平均体长最小(96.48±2.37)mm;幼体比例5月份最低(8.90%),12月份最高(28.67%);口虾蛄的性比5月和7月小于1,其余月份均大于1.80;渔获量变化趋势为5月>12月>9月>7月>3月,渔获尾数为5月>12月>9月>3月>7月。Pearson相关分析表明,3、5月相对渔获量与叶绿素a、底层水温均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);其他月份口虾蛄的相对渔获量与各影响因子之间的相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。研究还发现,口虾蛄的空间分布与底质类型密切相关,口虾蛄主要栖息在砂、砂-粉砂-黏土和黏土质砂类型的底质中。Oratosquilla oratoria is one of Haizhou Bay＇s dominant fishery species and plays an impor- tant role in the ecosystem at present. Population structure and spatial-temporal distribution characteris- tics of O. oratoria were studied based on data collected from bottom trawl surveys in Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters in March, May, July, September and December, 2011. The results showed that the annual average size （body length） of （9. oratoria was （102.20±0.65） mm, with the monthly average value ranged from （105.56±0. 95） mm in May to （96.48±2. 37） mm in July. The proportion of juven- iles had the lowest value of 8.90%in May, and reached the maximum of 28.67% in December. The sex ratio of O. oratoria showed an obviously seasonal variatiom male individuals were less than female ones in May and July, and much more than female in other months （sex ratio value greater than 1.80）. The highest monthly values of both relative biomass and abundance were in May, followed by those in De- cember and September, while there was the same variation in values of abundance. However, the monthly relative biomass in March reached the lowest value, followed by that in July, while the value of abundance was lower in July than in March. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the correlations of the relative biomass with both concentration of chlorophyll a and bottom temperature were positive （P〈0.05） in March and May, but no significant correlation was found in other months （P〉0.05）. It was also found that O. oratoria distributed mainly in 3 sediments types, i. e. , sand, clayey sand, and sand-silt-clay.

关 键 词：口虾蛄 群体结构 资源密度 时空分布 海州湾 

分 类 号：S932.5[农业科学—渔业资源]