不同耕作方式对土壤及烤烟的影响  

The influence of different tillage on soil and flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：孙敬国 王昌军 陈振国 黎根[2] 孙光伟 李进平 余君 覃光炯 

机构地区：[1]湖北省烟草科学研究院烟草栽培调制研究中心,湖北武汉430030 [2]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司,湖北武汉430040

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第3期299-304,共6页Journal of Hubei University：Natural Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点项目(110201502014);湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2014-009)资助

摘　　要：为探讨植烟土壤适宜的耕作方式,采用云烟87为研究材料,设置了免耕、浅耕(旋耕20 cm)、浅耕(犁耕20cm)和深耕(犁耕40 cm)4种耕作方式,研究耕作方式对土壤和烟叶的影响.结果表明:在1月—3月间,土壤耕层15 cm温度表现为:犁耕(40 cm)>犁耕(20 cm)>旋耕(20 cm)>免耕,深耕后土壤温度分别比免耕和浅耕平均高0.75℃,0.71℃和0.52℃;土壤酶活性、微生物量和微生物活性均表现为深耕(犁耕40 cm)高于其他处理,而免耕表现最差,其中深耕(犁耕40 cm)细菌总量是免耕的3倍多;烟叶产量,产值和上等烟率均表现为深耕(犁耕40 cm)最高,与免耕相比,烟叶产量、产值和上等烟率分别提高了383.81 kg/hm^2、12 415.19元/hm^2和8个百分点.综上,在该试验条件下,采用犁耕(40 cm)的方式,有助于提升土壤温度,改善土壤微环境,提升烟叶根系活力和提高烟叶产量,可以作为我省烟叶产区植烟土壤适宜的耕作方式.In order to study the suitable tillage for flue-cured tobacco,this test usingNicotiana tabacum Yunyan 87 as the research materials,set up no-till,rotary tillage(20 cm),tillage(20 cm) and tillage(40cm) to study the change of soil and tobacco leaf.Results showed that in January to March,the order oftemperature about 15 cm soil is tillage(40 cm)>tillage(20 cm)>rotary tillage(20 cm)>no-till.Respectively,the temperature of tillage(40 cm) is higher than no-till and shallow tillage average 0.75 ℃,0.71 ℃ and 0.52 ℃;The activities of enzyme,microbial biomass and microbial activity are characterized,which by tillage(40 cm) is higher than other processing,and no-till was the worst.The total bacteria abouttillage(40 cm) is more than three times of the no-till.The production output and superior rate of the tillage(40 cm) are the highest,compared with no-till,increased 383.81 kg/hm^2,12 415.19 yuan/hm^2 and 8% respectively.In conclusion,under the condition of the experiment,with the method of the tillage(40 cm),itcan help to improve the soil temperature,improve the environment of soil and promote root activity andimprove the production of tobacco leaf,can be used as a suitable model for farming on the tobacco leafproduction areas in our province.

关 键 词：耕作方式 土壤 烤烟 

分 类 号：S341.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S572[农业科学—农艺学]