秀丽高原鳅种群生存力分析及最小可存活种群数估算  

A STUDY ON POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION OF MINIMUM VIABLE POPULATION IN TRIPLOPHYSA VENUSTA

作　　者：武祥伟[1] 李光华 毕保良[1] 于虹漫[3] 孔令富[1] 冷云 张宇 姜志武 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明650601 [2]云南省渔业科学研究院,昆明650111 [3]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明650201 [4]云南华电鲁地拉水电有限公司,昆明650228

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2017年第3期543-551,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：云南华电鲁地拉水电有限公司项目(LDL2011/023(P));云南省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2014FD019);云南省科学技术厅项目(2013HB125)资助~~

摘　　要：秀丽高原鳅(Triplophysa venusta)系金沙江的土著种,是云南省重要保护鱼类;由于其栖息水域建设水电站,加之云南连年干旱,导致其种群数量锐减。采用漩涡模型对不同生境下的秀丽高原鳅种群生存力进行了模拟分析,并估算了其最小可存活种群数。结果表明:灾害是影响种群长期存活的关键因子,种群繁殖率和性未成熟个体死亡率对种群生存力影响较大,而种群的环境容纳量大小则无显著影响;若连续进行40年的成鱼捕获(2000尾/年),可使种群在100年内的灭绝概率增至100%,而若连续进行20年的人工增殖放流(1000尾1龄鱼/年),可使100年内的灭绝概率降至35.8%。通过模拟计算,使种群在当前生境下以95%的概率存活100年所需的最小种群数为16000尾。由此可见,减少灾害发生频率、降低性未成熟个体死亡率、增加繁殖率以及进行人工增殖放流是秀丽高原鳅种群保护与恢复的有效措施。研究为秀丽高原鳅种群保护、渔政管理与人工增殖放流提供了理论依据。Triplophysa venusta, one of the native fish species of Jinsha River with well conserved in Yunnan province,have been dramatically decreased because of the construction of hydropower station in its natural habitat and the continuous drought in Yunnan province. In this study, the population viability analysis （PVA） for T. venusta was simulatedby VORTEX model under different scenarios. Its minimum viable population （MVP） was also estimated. The resultssuggested that catastrophe is the key factor for population survival. The population reproductive rate and the mortalityof immature individuals are also important factors that affected the population viability in T. venusta. In contrast, therewas no significant influence by environmental carrying capacity on population viability. Moreover, the continuing harvest of 2000 mature individuals per year for 40 years could make 100% extinction in 100 years. In contrast, the extinction probability could reduce to 35.8% in 100 years by the continuing supplementation of 1000 one-year-old indivi-duals per year for 20 years. Simulation analysis using VORTEX model suggested that 16000 individuals could permit asurvival of 95% probability in 100 years and it is the MVP in T. venusta. Consequently, our study displays that the effective methods of conservation and recovery in T. venusta are diminishing the frequency of catastrophe, cutting the im-mature individual mortality, and increasing the population fecundity. This study provides a good theoretical foundationfor population protection, fishery management, as well as artificial breeding and releasing for T. venusta.

关 键 词：秀丽高原鳅 种群生存力 最小可存活种群 漩涡模型 土著鱼类 金沙江 

分 类 号：Q145.1[生物学—生态学]