金门岛北部海域浮游植物的季节变动及与环境的关联  

SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY AND ITS RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN SEA WATERS OF THE NORTHERN JINMEN ISLAND

作　　者：王雨[1] 项鹏[1] 叶又茵[1] 林更铭[1] 杨清良[1] 林茂[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,厦门361005

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2017年第3期712-723,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部基础专项(GASI-01-02-04);科技部海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005015)资助~~

摘　　要：采用2013—2014年四季度月在金门岛北部海域获取的浮游植物及环境因子监测数据,分析该区浮游植物的群落结构和季节变化及其与温度、盐度、悬浮物、营养盐、叶绿素等的关系,初步探讨涉海工程建设对浮游植物群落的潜在影响。结果显示,鉴定出的浮游植物隶属3门43属82种(不含未定种),群落构成以硅藻为主,其次是甲藻,蓝藻仅1种。物种组成的季节差异较大,3月物种贫乏,1月次之,7月和11月最丰富。四季丰度平均为47.09×10~3 cells/L,1月丰度最高,7月次之,11月最低,3月高于11月少许。四季优势种均为硅藻,13个优势种分别为柔弱几内亚藻(Guinardia delicatula)、短角弯角藻(Ecampia zoodicaus)、骨条藻(Skeletonema spp.)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、微小海链藻(Thalassiosira exigua)、标志星杆藻(Asterionella notula)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、新月菱形藻(Nitzchia closterium)、派格棍形藻(Bacillaria paxillifera)、异常角毛藻(Chaetoceros abmormis)、小细柱藻(Leptocylindrus minutum)、宽角曲舟藻(Pleurosigma angulatum)和美丽曲舟藻(Pleurosigma formosum)。不同季节优势种有一定程度交错,仅在单季占优的有6种,有2/3在3个以上季节出现,具槽帕拉藻、骨条藻为四季优势种。浮游植物物种多样性和均匀度总体较好,群落结构稳定。与毗邻海区相比,本区物种丰富度偏低,丰度高于毗邻海区,种类组成相似,优势种却有较大差别。Pearson相关分析表明,溶解无机氮及活性磷酸盐仅在1月与丰度存在极显著的正相关,是促使丰度为四季最高的原因。涉海工程施工产生的悬浮物和冲击波是影响浮游植物群落的主要因素,大量海洋工程建设案例表明,施工期造成的浮游植物丰度下降趋势和优势种更替混乱在工程结束后能得以恢复。Based on four cruise surveys carried out from 2013 to 2014, we analyzed phytoplankton community structure and seasonal pattern and compared them with those of the adjacent sea area. We also assessed the relationshipbetween phytoplankton and environmental factors and potential influence by the second phase of the Xiamen AirportProject construction on phytoplankton. A total of 82 species （excluding unknown taxa） belonging to 43 genera of 3classes were identified from 95 samples, in which diatoms were dominant in both the species composition and theabundance. Dinoflagellates was the second-largest group. Cyanobacteria was the least with only one species. Significant seasonal changes existed for phytoplankton species composition and abundance. Species richness was the lowest inMarch and the highest in November. The annual average phytoplankton abundance was 47.09×10^3 cells/L with the peakin January and the minimum in November. The dominant species were diatoms including thirteen species： Guinardiadelicatula, Ecampia zoodicaus, Skeletonema spp., Paralia sulcata, Thalassiosira exigua, Asterionella notula, Chaeto-ceros curvisetus, Nitzchia closterium, Bacillaria paradoxa, Chaetoceros abmormis, Leptocylindrus minutum, Pleuro-sigma angulatum and Pleurosigma formosum. In detail, Paralia sulcata and Skeletonema spp. were dominant species infour seasons. Shannon-wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index indicated a more integrated and stable stateof phytoplankton community. Compared with adjacent sea areas around Xiamen Island, the Northern Jinmen Island hadmedium level of richness of phytoplankton species, similar species composition but different dominant species andhigher abundance. Pearson Correlation Analysis indicated that phytoplankton abundance was remarkably negatively associated with water temperature in November and was significantly negatively linked with salinity in Januaryand November. Phytoplankton abundance were correlated positively to suspended substance in January but negativelylinked i

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落结构 季节变动 环境因子 相关分析 金门岛北部海域 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]