甘蓝型油菜光合特性杂种优势的日变化特征  

Diurnal Variation of Heterosis of Brassica napus Photosynthetic Characteristics

作　　者：赵小光[1] 张耀文[1] 关周博[1] 侯君利[1] 陈文杰[1] 赵兴忠[1] 曹栎[1] 王丽萍[1] 张新[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2017年第4期574-582,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：杨凌科技计划(2016NY-34);杨凌科技计划(2015NY-17);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2014KTCQ02-01)~~

摘　　要：为探明甘蓝型油菜光合特性杂种优势的日变化规律以及和环境因子的相互关系,以甘蓝型油菜杂交种‘秦杂油3号’及其亲本为材料,对油菜不同生育时期光合特性的杂种优势进行研究。结果表明:净光合速率和气孔导度的中亲优势和超亲优势在苗期最弱,薹期最强。在花期,一天当中净光合速率在上午为正向杂种优势,下午为负向杂种优势;气孔导度则上午为负向杂种优势,下午为正向杂种优势;蒸腾速率的中亲优势和超亲优势在花期最弱,薹期最强。水分利用效率的中亲优势和超亲优势在苗期最弱,在花期表现最强,角果期又开始下降。灰色关联度分析表明油菜光合杂种优势的主要环境影响因素是大气CO_2摩尔分数和空气相对湿度。宜在薹期进行高光效品种的选育,可以有效地发挥油菜的光合杂种优势,同时注意在不同时期合理利用水分利用效率进行田间管理。In order to study the significance of diurnal variation pattern and environmental factors in the heterosis of Brassica napus ,the photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid ＇ Qinzayou No. 3＇ was investigated at different development stages. We found that net photosynthetic rate and stomataI conductance were at the lowest level for mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis at the seedling stage but it reached maximum at bolting stage. At blooming stage, the net photosynthetic rate had pos- itive heterosis in the morning but negative heterosis in the afternoon. In contrast, the stomatal con- ductance had negative heterosis in the morning and positive heterosis in the afternoon. For both midparent heterosis and transgressive heterosis, transpiration rate was the weakest at the blooming stage, the strongest at the bolting stage. Regarding the water use efficiency, both heterosis had the slowest rate at seedling stage, and then increased to the highest at blooming stage, started to decline from the podding stage. The grey correlation analysis demonstrated that the CO2 molality fraction and relative humidity were key factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis. Based on the above observations, high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of ＇Qinzayou No. 3＇ should be conducted at the bolting stage, the time photosynthesis was at the maximum rate. Meanwhile, water usage should be optimized at each development stage in the field management.

关 键 词：光合特性日变化 环境因子 甘蓝型油菜 光午休 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]