媒体从业者的劳动权困境及其形塑机制  

The Predicament of Media Practitioners' Labor Right and Its Shaping Mechanism:from the Perspectives of Politics of Production

作　　者：夏倩芳[1] 李婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《学术研究》2017年第4期43-55,共13页Academic Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"新媒体环境下中国媒体新闻传播创新研究"(16JJD860003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：我国市场化媒体从业者的劳动状况受到国家、市场、组织等多层级力量,以及政策/机制等因素的形塑,存在着劳动权困境。媒体在政策背景下进行企业化改造和用工制度改革,刊号资源的配置推动了传媒市场的形成和母报—子报关系格局的确立;与此同时,对"效率第一"和"企业优先"的过度追求使媒体企业采取压低劳动成本的管理机制,抽离其劳动权监管者的角色。在媒介组织内部,母报—子报的关系格局造就了差别化的劳动规训制度,促成都市报采纳计件绩效制,而同时,"编制"被作为劳动权差异化控制的工具,在媒体内部形成了一个同工不同酬、低福利、高强度、高风险的劳动权状况。此外,还建构起一整套以"个人能力"为中心的市场观念,个人能力成为在灵活多变的市场中获得成功的最主要条件,而与劳资关系的不公正及劳动权的受损无关。如今,遭遇移动网络的冲击,媒体企业处于转型过程中,从业者劳动权的低保障和员工之间的劳动权益不平等,再次成为企业发展首先要付出的代价。Based on several cases of studying metropolis newspapers, this paper examines the labor rights problem of media practitioners in China, particularly the formation mechanism, attempting to reveal the predicament ubiquitous in culture and information industry. It illustrates how the state dominates the processes of shaping enterprises and the reforms of media agencies and their employment regulations, and of developing the media market and the parent-children pattern of institutional relationship through the allocation of ISSN. In the cases, meanwhile, the state withdrew from the role of supervisor and indulged media enterprises to reduce labor costs immoderately in the name of 'efficiency first'. Within media group, the parent-children pattern led to a differentiation of labor disciplining regime which resulted in a piecework system in metropolis newspapers. The staff establishment(government affiliated) as a tool for managing the differentiation contributed to the conditions of low welfare, high risk and same work with different payment in media internal working environment. Facing with the strike of mobile network nowadays, media organizations are undergoing a transform of business pattern. The imbalance between the unguaranteed labor rights and the differentiation of staffs' equities could rise to be the primary costs for the development of media enterprises.

关 键 词：劳动权 知识劳动者 媒体从业者 生产政治 一社两制 

分 类 号：D630.3[政治法律—政治学] G21[政治法律—中外政治制度]