清代矿业中的“子厂”  

The Subsidiary Factories of Mining Industry in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：温春来[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史人类学研究中心、历史系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《学术研究》2017年第4期113-121,共9页Academic Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中山大学历史人类学研究中心重大研究项目“明清帝国的建构与西南土著社会演变”(11JJD770018)、教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“7-16世纪中国南部边疆与海洋经略研究”(12JZD013)的资助

摘　　要：清代矿业中的厂大都由若干独立的硐组成,并非一个有内在联系的统一的企业。与当时整个财政赋役的定额特征相应,同时也为了防止地方官员懈怠,国家对各矿厂下达了不能轻易削减的生产与课税任务,僵化的定额与矿厂生产的波动形成了清代矿业中的一个无法克服的结构性矛盾,也使朝廷与地方官员间产生了分歧,双方达成妥协的结果,是出现了辅助既定矿厂完成产量与税额的"子厂"。子厂的这一根本性质,决定了它与正厂之间不必有地理或矿脉上的邻近关系。Mining factories in the Qing dynasty were mostly constituted by independent mines, but not unified enterprises with inner links. In order to prevent local official's idleness and accord with quota feature of finance system, the court ordered that factories not easily cut down the production and taxes missions. The rigidify quota and fluctuated production became an inevitable constitutive contradiction in the mining industry of the Qing dynasty. The compromise between the court and local officials is the outcome of subsidiary which supply the mining factories to fulfill the output and tax quota. The fundamental nature of subsidiary factories didn't decide a necessary relationship of geography or mineral vein with the main factories.

关 键 词：子厂 清代 矿业 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]