光周期和温度对大草蛉滞育解除及滞育后发育和繁殖的影响  

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause termination and postdiapause development and reproduction of the green lacewing,Chrysopa pallens(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)

作　　者：程丽媛[1] 张艳[1] 陈珍珍[1] 许永玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2017年第3期318-327,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省茶叶产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-19-04);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CP018);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(315015904)

摘　　要：【目的】大草蛉Chrysopa pallens(Rambur)是自然界重要的天敌昆虫,以预蛹兼性滞育越冬。本研究旨在明确光周期和温度对大草蛉滞育解除及滞育后发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】在室内观测了不同温度(22℃和25℃)和光周期(15L∶9D及9L∶15D)条件下大草蛉预蛹的滞育解除及滞育解除后的蛹期、蛹存活率、成虫鲜重、成虫寿命、产卵前期和单雌产卵量等生物学特性,以及5℃低温处理对预蛹滞育解除的作用,并分析了滞育持续时间对大草蛉滞育解除后发育和繁殖的影响。【结果】在光周期15L∶9D和9L∶15D下,25℃下大草蛉预蛹期(分别为50.09和49.47 d)显著短于22℃下(分别为80.80和82.20 d)。5℃低温处理极显著延长了大草蛉预蛹期(P<0.01),且缩小了预蛹期的个体差异。22℃下,与非滞育预蛹相比,滞育后预蛹的存活率显著降低,蛹期和产卵前期显著延长,雌成虫寿命显著缩短,成虫鲜重和单雌产卵量显著下降。22℃,光周期15L∶9D下大草蛉的滞育持续时间为50~170 d,且能影响滞育后发育:随着滞育持续时间的延长,蛹期逐渐延长,雌、雄成虫的鲜重逐渐降低,雄成虫寿命呈先延长后缩短的趋势,蛹存活率、雌成虫寿命、产卵前期和单雌产卵量没有显著性差异。【结论】试验条件下,两种光周期对大草蛉滞育解除、滞育后发育和繁殖没有明显的影响,而温度是调节大草蛉滞育发育和繁殖的重要因子。较高温度能促进滞育的解除,低温处理能够同步种群的滞育发育。大草蛉的滞育存在生殖代价,滞育持续时间影响滞育解除后的部分生物学特性。【Aim 】The green lacewing,Chrysopa pallens（ Rambur）,is an important natural enemy insect and enters diapause as prepupa in winter. This study aims to understand the effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause termination and post-diapause development and reproduction of C. pallens.【Methods】The diapause termination and post-diapause biology including pupal duration,pupal survival rate,adult fresh weight,adult longevity,preoviposition period and number of eggs laid per female of C.pallens were observed after the diapaused prepupae were treated under different combinations of temperatures（ 22℃ and 25℃） and photoperiods（ 15 L ∶ 9D and 9L ∶ 15D）. The effects of chilling at 5℃on diapause termination,and diapause duration on the post-diapause development and reproduction of C.pallens were also investigated. 【Results】The prepupal duration under the photoperiods of 15 L ∶ 9D and9 L ∶ 15 D at 25℃（ 50. 09 and 49. 47 d,respectively） was significantly shorter than those at 22℃（ 80. 80 and 82. 20 d,respectively）. The chilling treatment at 5℃ prolonged the prepupal duration extremely significantly（ P 〈 0. 01）,and deceased the individual difference of prepupal duration. At 22℃,compared with the non-diapause prepupa,for the diapaused prepupa the survival rate was significantly decreased,the pupal duration and preoviposition period were significantly prolonged,the female adult longevity was significantly shortened,and the adult fresh weight and the number of eggs laid per female were significantly decreased. The diapause duration of C. pallens was 50-170 d at 22℃ under a photoperiod of 15 L ∶ 9D,and the post-diapause development was affected,with the pupal duration gradually prolonged,the adult fresh weight decreasing,and the male adult longevity initially increasing and then decreasing,but with no significant differences in the pupal survival rate,female adult longevity,preoviposition period and number of eggs laid per female. 【Conclusion 】 Under the experi

关 键 词：大草蛉 光周期 温度 滞育持续时间 滞育后发育 繁殖 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]