淮北地区氮肥群体最高生产力水稻钾素吸收利用特征  

Potassium Absorption and Utilization Characteristics of Rice Varieties with the Highest Population Productivity under Corresponding Nitrogen Fertilization in Huaibei Area

作　　者：梁健[1] 任红茹[1] 夏敏 李晓峰[1] 陈梦云[1] 李军[1] 张洪程[1] 霍中洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2017年第4期558-570,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09;2016YFD0200805);江苏省科技计划项目(BE2015340;BE2016351);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2016]321)资助~~

摘　　要：以淮北地区有代表性的34个中熟中粳品种为试材,设置7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm^(–2)),得出各品种的最高产量,将该最高产量定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。在此基础上,明确处于顶层水平(≥10.50 t hm^(–2))、高层水平(9.75~10.50 t hm^(–2))、中层水平(9.00~9.75 t hm^(–2))和底层水平(≤9.00 t hm^(–2))水稻品种的钾素积累、分配及转运特征。结果表明,4个生产力等级水稻品种地上部植株、茎鞘和叶片的含钾率在拔节期最高;抽穗期顶层水平品种的这3个参数高于其他3个等级的品种;穗部含钾率差异不显著。随着氮肥群体生产力等级的提高,钾素总积累量增多;拔节前底层水平钾素积累量最多,两年平均为120.56 kg hm^(–2),比例占50.56%,顶层水平为最少,两年平均为108.02 kg hm^(–2),比例占35.99%;拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期顶层水平钾素阶段积累量及比例显著高于其他3个等级。移栽至拔节期,钾素积累速率为中层>底层>高层>顶层水平,拔节后则为顶层>高层>中层>底层水平。叶片的钾素转运量及转运率明显高于茎鞘;顶层水平叶片的钾素转运量高于其他3个等级,高层水平叶片的转运率最高;穗部增加量随生产力等级的递增而变大;抽穗到成熟期,茎鞘、叶片对穗的钾素转运贡献率表现为底层最高,中层次之,顶层最低。4个等级水稻品种籽粒生产率和百千克籽粒吸钾量差异不显著;钾素偏生产力和钾收获指数均表现为顶层>高层>中层>底层水平。总之,氮肥群体最高生产力越高,水稻中后期植株钾素积累量及器官对钾素的吸收利用效率越显著。抽穗后保持较高的钾素吸收利用及转运效率是高产水稻品种的重要特征。A field experiment was carried out using 34 medium-maturing medium japonica rice varieties grown in Huaibei area with seven nitrogen application levels（0, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg ha^（–1）） to investigate the relationship between potassium and yield. According to the highest population productivity under corresponding N fertilization, rice varieties were classified into four types including top type（TT）, high type（HT）, middle type（MT）, and low type（LT）. Yield components, and K absorption and translocation of the four types of rice variety were compared. K concentration of aboveground parts of plant steam-sheath and leaf in different types was the highest at heading stage and that was higher in TT than the other three types. K concentration of panicle was no significant difference among tested varieties. With increasing productivity level, total K accumu-lation increased. From transplanting to jointing stage, the K accumulation in LT was 120.56 kg ha^（–1）, accounting for 50.56%. The K accumulation of TT was 108.02 kg ha^（–1）, accounting for 35.99%. After jointing, the K accumulation and ratio at each growth stage of TT were higher than those of other three types. The K uptake rate showed a trend of MT 〉LT〉 HT〉 TT from transplanting to jointing stage, and TT〉 HT〉 MT〉 LT from jointing to heading stage and from heading to maturity stage. K translocation and K translocation efficiency of leaf were obviously higher than those of stem-sheath. K translocation of TT and HT＇s K translocation efficiency were both the highest. The increasing in K of panicle increased with increasing productivity level. From heading to maturity stage, K translocation conversion rate of vegetative organ was the highest in LT, medium in MT, and the lowest in TT. Internal nutrient efficiency and K requirement for 100 kg grain among four types were no obvious difference and K partial factor productivity and harvest index of K showed a trend of TT 〉HT 〉MT〉 LT. In concl

关 键 词：中熟中粳 生产力 钾素积累 钾素转运 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]