稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响  

Effect of Mechanical Transplanting with Pothole Seedlings on Grain Quality of Different Types of Rice in Rice-Wheat Rotation System

作　　者：邢志鹏 朱明 吴培 钱海军 曹伟伟 胡雅杰 郭保卫 魏海燕 许轲 霍中洋 戴其根 张洪程 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2017年第4期581-595,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B03);江苏省农业科技创新自主项目(CX[15]1002);江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2015340);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX15_1369)资助~~

摘　　要：为探明钵苗机插方式在稻麦两熟地区对水稻米质性状的影响及其品种类型间差异,本文以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和籼粳交水稻为材料,比较了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播3种种植方式在稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下的稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮食味品质特性变化及其品种类型间差异。结果表明,钵苗机插的整精米率比毯苗机插和机械直播分别提高1.6%和4.9%(P<0.05),整精米产量分别提高7.8%和25.9%(P<0.05),改善了稻米加工品质;与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插的稻米垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度显著增加,对稻米外观品质有不利影响,但钵苗机插精米蛋白质含量较高,有利于稻米营养品质的改良,其精米蛋白质产量分别比毯苗机插和机械直播提高8.7%和28.0%;3种种植方式相比,钵苗机插稻米蒸煮食味品质表现出一定程度的变优趋势,其中,稻米直链淀粉含量、消减值和糊化温度呈钵苗机插<毯苗机插<机械直播的趋势,胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值呈钵苗机插>毯苗机插>机械直播的趋势;食味值于种植方式间无显著差异,呈籼粳交水稻和常规粳稻钵苗机插<毯苗机插<机械直播,杂交籼稻毯苗机插>钵苗机插>机械直播的趋势。由此得出,钵苗机插不仅能增加稻谷产量,还能改善部分稻米品质特征,是稻麦两熟地区实现高产高效优质协调水稻生产的潜力型机械化种植方式。In rice-wheat rotation system, the mechanical transplanting with pothole seedlings（MT） is a new developed high yield and high efficiency rice planting method with increased promotion area year by year. Understanding the rice quality traits under MT method is of great importance to study and develop high yield and high quality cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions in rice-wheat rotation system. The comparison experiments were carried out to investigate the difference in processing, appearance, nutrition, cooking and eating, and taste quality, and starch RVA profile of conventional japonica, indica hybrid and japonica-indica hybrid rice, by using MT, mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings（MC） and mechanical direct seeding（MD） in high-yield cultivation condition, which would provide theoretical reference and practice data for high yield and high quality rice production. The head rice rate and head rice yield under MT were 1.6% and 7.8% larger than those under MC, and 4.9% and 25.9% larger than those under MD（P0.05）, respectively, indicating a better processing quality under MT method. Compared with MC and MD, MT decreased appearance quality with increased chalky grain rate, chalkiness size and chalkiness degree（P〈0.05）, and increased protein content and nutrition quality with the increase of 8.7% and 28.0% in protein yield, respectively. The effects on amylose content, setback and pasting temperature were MC〈MT〈MD, and those on gel consistency, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown value were MT〉MC〉MD, which indicated that the cooking and eating quality under MT method might be meliorated. The taste quality was not of significant difference among planting methods, showing a tendency of MC〈MT〈MD for conventional japonica, and japonica-indica hybrid rice, and of MT〉MC〉MD for indica hybrid rice. Therefore the MT method is recommended as one of promising mechanized planting methods to simultaneously realize high yield, high efficiency

关 键 词：水稻 稻麦两熟 机械化种植 钵苗机插 产量 米质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]